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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Definition of Biomechanics |
integration of movement with many joints and in multiple planes of motion |
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Definition of Motor Control |
the ability to regulate or direct mechanisms essential to movement |
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Movement emerges spontaneously from the interaction of 3 factors: |
task,environment,individual |
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How can the environment enhance or impair movement |
lighting, smooth surfaces, uneven surfaces, poor visibility, noise, space |
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How can the task (exercise) influence the movement |
open vs closed tasks open = unpredictable movements e.g.returning a tennis serve closed tasks= fixed habitual patterns of movement with minimal variation in relatively fixed environments e.g. darts, bowling |
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how can the individual influence the movement? |
individual is constrained by: mind(cognition), body and spirit(perception) |
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how does the spirit/perception influence the movement? |
needs to integrate sensory information into psychologically meaningful information |
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how does the mind/cognition influence the movement?how does the |
attention, motivation and emotional aspects of motor control underlie the establishment of intent or goals |
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how does the body/action influence the movement? |
needs understanding motor output from nervous system to body muscles. |
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what are the 4 stages of learning advanced movement skills? |
Unconscious Incompetence Conscious Incompetence Conscious Competence Unconscious Competence |
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What is Unconscious Incompetence? |
Doesn't understand how to do it Doesn't know they cant do it Deny the usefulness of the skill To move on: Must recognise their own incompetence and value the skill. Must have a desire to learn the skill |
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What is conscious incompetence? |
recognises the deficit. Doesn't know how to do the skill or change Needs to make notes of mistakes |
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What is conscious competence? |
Understands how to do the skill however demo requires concentration breaks the skill into steps |
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What is unconscious competence? |
individual has had so much practice its second nature performs it easily can perform it when completing another task can teach it to others |
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What is the systems theory? |
multiple systems affect the outcome of successful or faulty movement learning and execution some of the factors in the outcome of the successful movement: CNS,PNS,Structure,Gravity,Load,Perception,Desired outcome,perception,motivation,habits |
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Definition of Motor Learning |
study of acquisition and/or modification of movement i.e. as a teacher ' how do we help in someone learning a new skill, or help in modifying a faulty movement' |
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What is the process of motor learning? |
search for a task solution that emerges from an interaction of the individual with the task and the environment. |
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2 common forms of learning |
declarative learning procedural learning |
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what is declarative learning? |
enables you to recall information depends on awareness and reflection, uses medial temporal lobe pilates is built on the ability to heighten awareness of self through movement |
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What is procedural learning? |
once a heightened state of awareness has been achieved: practice and repetition leads to procedural learning doesn't require awareness, rather repetition client needs a functional task to perform repeatedly will improve potential to learn that skill.
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Practical Application of the movement principle: what does the pelvis for movement? |
pelvis is a handle for the spine: allows the spine to move in Flex,ext,rotation,lateral flexion Accurate motion of the pelvis through space is essential for functional movement |
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Practical Application of the movement principle: what does the integration of pelvis on the trunk do for movement? |
integration of the ribs with pelvis facilitates AE, spine flexion, lateral flex and rotation |
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Practical Application of the movement principle: what does the integration of head and extremities on the trunk do for movement? |
integration of the head on the trunk - increase stability of the neck grater production of force in the extremity - important for throwing sports..combine core stability, SA and integration of UE and LE provide optimum environment for performance mastery |
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In Pilates we can control 6 factors which affect motor learning, movement organisation and movement integration - name them |
1. Assistance 2. Base of support/Centre of Gravity 3. Balance/Proprioception 4. Coordination 5. Range of Motion 6. Lever Length |
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explain assistance |
passive-assistive-gravity elimiated-movment against gravity-resistive |
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explain base of support/COG |
increase BOS, decrease COG = decrease challenge |
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explain balance/proprioception |
balance:ability to maintain equilibrium proprioception: unconscious perception of movement and spatial orientation arising from stimuli within body Decrease BOS = increase challenge and balance |
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explain co-ordination |
multiple planes of movment - increase co-ord challenge unilateral (easy) - bilaterl - recoipral (harder) |
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explain ROM |
degree of movement in which joints can be moved through space decrease ROM - decrease challenge |
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explain lever length |
distance form the fulcrum to the distal end of the lever shorter lever - lesser force at fulcrum therefore easier lever can be U/B, L/B or spine |