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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Explain Disc herniation |
when the nucleus pulposus bulges through tear in disc annulus local back pain pressure on nerve roots and tingling in the extremities normally in lumbar spine from forward bending and rotation in lumbar (i.e lifting heavy weight without adequate support) no flexion! |
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Contraindication for Supine exercises |
1. mid to late preg > 12 weeks 2. recent acute disc herniation |
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Why no supine for mid/late preg? why no flexions? |
Supine:weight of uterus on inferior vena cava, decreases CO, dec blood flow to mother and child (hypotension) Flexion: can cause rectus bulge causing diastasic recti to develop and leads to lumbar instability and maybe abdominal her |
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contraindications for flexion |
1. Osteoporosis 2. Mid/late stage preg 3. Disc Herniation |
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why no flexion for osteoporosis? |
demineralisation of bone tissue bone is fragile no spine flexion or rotation - put pressure on anterior vertebral bodies and compress the spine only can do extension! and with head on ground for lower abs. |
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3 contraindications for extension |
1. Stenosis 2. Spondylolisthesis 3. Facet Joint syndrome |
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What is Stenosis |
narrowing of the spinal canal (nerves pass through here as they exit the spinal cord) No extension back pain tingling intermittent pain in one or both legs |
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what is spondylolisthesis |
defect in the vertebral arch vertebrae moves forward and puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots often at L5-S1 or L4-L5 lower back pain, neurological damage unstable joint no extension |
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what is facet joint syndrome? |
locking of facet joint on one side of the spine leads to lower back pain no extension no lateral flexion to that side |
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contraindications for lateral flexion |
1. facet joint syndrome 2. osteoporosis 3. stenosis |
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lower extremity precautions |
1. pelvis instabilities 2. osteitis pubis 3. total hip replacement 4. trochanteric burstis |
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what are the 2 pelvis instabilities? and what exercises should you be aware of? |
1. sacroiliac joint dysfunction 2. pubic symphysis seperation careful of: single legged weight bearing assymmetrical leg movements |
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explain these pelvis instabilities |
pre-post natal period - more than likely due to production of relaxin joint instable |
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what is osteitis pubis? exercises to avoid? |
inflammation of the pubic bones near the midline can result from repetitive athletic movements = movement at pubic symphysis overload of adductor muscles and superficial abs can contribute avoid: single legged weight bearing, assymmetrical leg movements bilateral adductor resistance
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explain total hip replacement and what to avoid |
when replace femoral head with metal ball trauma to hip abductors which stabilise the hip avoid hip joint dislocation by: no flexion of hip greater than 90 no internal rotation no adduction |
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explain trochanteric bursitis and what to avoid |
inflammation of the bursa between femur and iliotibial band no sidelying |
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what are the upper extremities precautions? |
1. Thoracic outlet Syndrome 2. Shoulder Impingement 3. Carpal Tunnel |
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what is thoracic outlet syndrome, exercises to avoid? |
compromise of blood vessels between the base of the neck and armpit associated with accessory breathing and head forward posture or depressed scapula avoid goal post no excessive shoulder depression |
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what is shoulder impingement, exercises to avoid? |
head of the humerus compresses supraspinatous tendon, infraspinatus tendon OR subacrominal bursa against the coracoacromial arch of the scapula. pain in shoulder, lateral arm, weakness of U/B Avoid: any chance of impingement: elevation, internal rotation, hortizontal adduction |
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what is carpal tunnel and exercises to avoid |
nerve entrapment numbness and pain in hand, esp at night avoid: weight bearing U/B no gripping |
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what are the contraindications for inversion? |
1. Glaucoma 2. Hypertension 3. Gastric Reflux |
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why these 3? |
glaucoma: elevated pressure in the eye, increase and kill optic nerve hypertension: no hips above the heart to increase B/P gastric reflux: backward flow to stomach acid into esophagus. Try no food 2 hours before |
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Osteoarthritis |
damage to the joint cartilage - therefore bone rubs on bone. pain and inflammation around joint loss of ROM and function avoid: weight bearing of those joints in body need to : maintain and build strength around those joints excessive movement or work may aggravate symptoms therfore rest |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis |
immune-mediated condition erosion of joint cartilages leads to arthritis in many joints esp hand and feet mavoid : weight bearing, gripping need to: rest is symptoms occur |
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adverse neutral tension |
trauma to tissue around nerves can lead to scar tissue formation which pins down nerves at that level. stretching can produce numbness, tingling, burning, headaches normally associated with sciatic nerve therefore no long sit, dorsiflex ankle and no full flex spine Avoid: Supine flexion hip flexion knee extension ankle dorsiflexion |
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Neurological precautions |
e.g. parkinson, ALS, Multiple sclerosis or recovery from head trauma avoid exercise to fatigue avoid over heating |