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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
which division of the nervous system is the sensory system
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affernt division of the PNS
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define sensation
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conscious awareness of a stimulus
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what are the two types of sensory receptros
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specialzied ending of efferent neurons
separate sensory cells that signal to afferent neurons |
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what is it called when the sensation travels to the CNS
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sensory transduction
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what senses mechanical stimuli
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mechanoreceptors
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what are the five types of receptors
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mechano
thermo photo chemo noci |
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definition. the decrease in receptor sensitivity despite a stiulus of constant strength
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adaptation
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definition. a single afferent neuron with all tis receptor endings
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sensory unit
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definition. another term for stimulus type ie heat cold sound etc
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modality
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true or false. all the receptors of a single afferent neurons are preferentially sensitive to the same type of stimulus
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true
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can adjacent sensory units be sensitive to different stimuli?
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yes
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in what two ways do we distinguish a strong stimulus froma weak one
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increase the freq of action potentials in a single afferent neuron
recruitment |
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definition. activation of adjacent receptors on other afferent neurons
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recruitment
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what are labeled lines
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coded by the fact that action potential from each receptor travel along specific pathwa6s to a specific region of the CNS associated only withathat particutlar modality and body location
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definiton. sharpness or keenness of location perception
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acuity
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what does acuity depend on
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the convergence of the neuronal input in the specific ascending pathways
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greater convergence leads to less or more acuity
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less
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what are three factors that affect coding stimulus location
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size oft he receptive field by a single sensory unit
density of sensory units amount of overlap in nearby receptive fields |
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afferent neurons respond with little or great intensity to stimuli applied to the CNTer of its receptive field
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GREAT-- dependent of stimulus strength
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what is lateral inhibition
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the most important mechanism enabling the localization of a stimulsu site
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what enhances the contrast between the center and the periphery of a stimulated region
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lateral inhibition
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why is lateral inhibition important
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it uses inhibitory interneurons to enhance the contrast between the center and periphery of a stimulated region
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examples of higher brain cetners taht control afferent information via descending pathways are the ____ _____ and the ____ ____
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reticular formation
cerebral cortex |
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definition. pathways in the spinal cord adn brain that carry info about single types of stimuli
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sepcific ascendign pathways
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where do the sepcific ascending pathways have to pass through
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the brainstem to the thalamus (relay) and finally to specific sensory areas in the cerebral cortex
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definition. receptors that send sensory info to the somatosensory cortex
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somatic receptors
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definition. regions of the cerebral cortex that receive input from various snesory types, memroy stores, and so on, and perform futher perceptual processing
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cortical association areas
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what re the three major chemical classes of hormones
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amines
peptides and proteins steroids |
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name the derivatives of tyrosine
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T4
T3 NE Epi dopamine |
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what is the largest class of hormones
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peptide and protein hormones
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what are the steps of synthesis of peptide and protein hormones
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preprohormones on ribosomes
cleavage to prohormones by proteolytic enzymes in the rough ER packaging or prohormones into secretory vesicles by the golgi apparatus and maturation to active hormone |
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what are lipid molecules with specific ring structre taht are primarily produced by the adrenal cortex and gonads and are derived from cholesterol
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steroid hormones
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are peptides and catecholamines slow of fast metabolizing hormones
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fast minutes
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homone's concetnration in blood depends on what two things
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rate of secretion by endocrine gland
rate of clearance by excretion or metabolic transormation |
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____ and ____ are the major organs taht excrete or metabolize hormones
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liver and kidneys
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homronal metabolis also carried otu by ____ in the ____
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enzymes in the blood
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definition. the facilitation of the action of one hormone by anotehr
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permissvieness
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what are three things taht can contribute to an endocrine cell toalter the rate of hormone secretion
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ions or nutrients
neurotrans hormones |
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definition. a hormone that stimulates the secretion of another hormone
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tropic hormone
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what is an example of inputs that control homrone secretion
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plasma glucose regulates insulin release
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in the ANS what are the target effectors
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adrenal medulla to epi
endocrine gland to homrone |
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what is the effector of the hypothal
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atnerior pitutiary and posterior pituitary both which secrete hormones
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