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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the only way for a new species to evolve or to have new alleles in a species? |
By mutations occurring |
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What is a mutation? |
A mutation is a random change to an organism's genetic material. |
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Mutations can occur during fetal development or naturally through mitosis, however, they can also be caused by external environmental conditions. What is the term given to these conditions? |
Mutagenic Agents |
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Name 2 mutagenic agents. |
Chemical (Mustard gas) OR Radiation (X-rays, UV rays) OR Extreme temperatures |
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Having haemophilia would be considered what type of mutation? |
Disadvantageous |
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If someone was to have 6 fingers or 6 toes, what type of mutation would they have? |
Neutral |
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Define adaptation |
An adaptation is an inheritedcharacteristic that makes an organismwell suited to survival in itsenvironment/niche. |
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Describe natural selection |
Organisms producing more offspring than able to sustain, therefore only the best adapted will survive to adulthood and reproduce. - "Survival of the fittest" |
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Define speciation |
Speciation is the formation of a new species by the process of natural selection after a population becomes isolated. |
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Describe stage 1 of speciation |
An isolation barrier forms to prevent the exchange of genetic material. |
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List the 3 types of isolation barriers. |
Reproductive, Geographical and Ecological. |
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Give 1 example of each type of isolation barrier. |
Reproductive (unattractive mating displays, Mating times, gametes unable to fuse) Ecological (Temperature, soil pH, humidity) Geographical (Mountains, Rivers, Oceans, deserts) |
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Describe stage 2 of speciation. |
Mutations occur spontaneously |
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Describe stage 3 of speciation. |
The best suited organisms will survive and reproduce (Natural selection "survival of the species" |
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Describe stage 4 of speciation. |
After many generations, new species evolved and if isolation barrier removed then new species will have evolved. |