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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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apologists
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group of early christian theologians who who defended christianity against attacks by pagan writers
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bureacraucy
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a hierarchy of officials
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creed
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a statement of beliefs
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donatists
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4th century sect that believed the church is made up of pure saints; sacraments administered by impure bishops are ineffective
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gregory the great
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Gregory I became poor benedictan monk and then elected Pope and helped fix Rome up; allegorical method; Patrimony of Saint Peter; Mass and purgatory
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indulgence
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payment in belief that soul will leave purgatory faster
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kerygma
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the proclamation or preaching of the early christian church
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patrick
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man who is attributed for the conversion of Ireland to christianityl; had a vision of God to convert his captors when he was captured
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sacrament
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physical act of that leads to participation in the divine; in christian theology sacraments bring the grace of God to man
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atonement
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repenting for sins committed
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baptists
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a separatist group that rejected infant baptism
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boniface VIII
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monk who believed in purity of universal church; UNAM SANCTUM: all earthly powers subject to pope and only judged by God
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catholic
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universal
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christ
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greek term for Messiah
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clerical celibacy
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not having sex
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congregationalists
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name of Puritan church in America
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Darwin
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theory of evolution; Huxley used idea to attack Christianity
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consubstantiation
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luther's teachin that Christ is actually present in Eucharist although the bread wine do not become his body and blood
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penance
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good works or penalties required by a priest or bishop as a condition for sinner receiving forgiveness for their sins
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simonoy
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purchasing of church offices
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synoptic gospels
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new testament books of Mark, Matthews & Luke which tell story of Jesus from a similar point of view
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symphonia
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harmony; idea for church state relations in Eastern Christianity in which church handles spiritual matters & state handles temporal matters. church and state support each other
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transubstantiation
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doctrine bread and wine become body and blood of Christ
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atheism
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denying the existence of God
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book of common prayer
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first comprehensive liturgy in English; imposed in Anglican church; both Protestant and Catholic & later Zwinglian
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defenestration of prague
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beginning of thirty years' war when protestants threw two of king's counselor out of window when denied rights
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cathari
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albigenses; heretical group in France
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charlemagne
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greatest of Carolingian rulers; believed in duties of Christian king; stressed education hence Carolingian renaissance
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clerical vestments
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special clothing worn by ministers during worship services
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deism
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belief that God made world and then left it alone; no mystery in religion; there is a God/ God should be worshiped/ virtue is the key part of this worship/ repenting for sin is a duty/ there is an afterlife for reward and punishment
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double predestination
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doctrine that God chose some for salvation and some for damnation before the universe was created
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elizabeth I
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queen of England, Elizabethan settlement: mid-way between protestantism and catholicism
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Erasmus
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believed in truly reforming the church; inner worship rather than outer; criticized church
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excommunication
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being shun from the religious community and from the entire town; lose access to entering heaven and cannot receive communion
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council of trent
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council that met to address issues brought up by protestants: clergy now had to be trained, simony ended, affirmed justification by faith w. good works, seven sacraments and papal authority, laity not receive cup
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Henry VIII
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king of england that broke w/ catholic church in order to divorce wife; created church of england/ anglican church
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thomas cranmer
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advisor to henry VIII, published book of common prayer, became martyr when killed mary tudor
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hildegard of Bingen
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abbess, had several visions, opened daughter house of nunnery, many miracles attributed to her, had influence of emperor barbarossa
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humanism
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movement originating from renaissance that held highly the study of humanities could improve religion and society
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egalitarianism
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teaching that all people are equal
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episcopal system
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an organizational hierarchy in which bishops rule over the church
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general election
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doctrine that teaches Christ died for everyone, but not everybody will accept the salvation
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gutenberg
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invented movable type; allowed for faster spread of knowledge and ideas among scholars only
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feudalism
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system of economic, social, and political organization centered in large self sufficient manors
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apostolic succession
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idea that bishop could establish that he was orthodoxy by tracing his blood back to one of the twelve original apostles
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index of forbidden texts
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list of books that protestants couldnt read if they were faithful
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biblical literanism
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literal interpretation of bible
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mendicant orders
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orders of friars who live by begging
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pacifists
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people who refuse to take up arms or go to war; anabaptists
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inquisition
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riddance of heretics
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jonathan edwards
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important figure in american religion, advocate of revivals, Great Awakening, defender of faith, original sin, irresistible grace, and sovereignty of God and opposed dry rational christianity
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karl marx
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believed in constant fight between wealthy and the exploited; believed religion was a) hope for exploited & b) tool against exploited b/c emphasized obedience & acceptance of lot in life
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mary tudor
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catholic daughter of Henry VIII; killed those who refused to be catholic
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melchiorites
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followers of Melchior Hoffman in Holland; believed second coming of Christ was close
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nicene creed
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stated holy spirit worship along w/ Father & Son; Christ begotten not made; not a time when not
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presbyterians
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church where ministers and elders look over church;
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purgatory
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place between heaven and hell where soul goes to repent before moving on
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puritans
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group who felt Anglican church needed to be cleansed of Catholic influence; advocated Calvinistic doctrine and practies
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quakers
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pacifist group founded by George Fox who held for equality & brotherhood of all; all revelation by Holy Sp. & superior to scripture and natural reason; rejected baptism (preferred inner bapt) & bureaucracy; spirit available to everyone
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stigmata
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bleeding from pores like Christ
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Tertullian
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advocate of fortresses against moder culture b/c heretical
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Unam Sanctum
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Pope has ultimate power on earth
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Gnosticism
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secret knowledge revealed to some; those w. knowledge freed from bondage to physical world and free in spirit
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Elizabethan Settlement
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midway between catholicism and protestantism
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Vicar of Christ
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one who rules on earth as rep of Christ. pope
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Vulgate
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latin version of bible used in Roman Catholic Church
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Münster
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taken over by anabaptist Jon Lyden; banishes those who refuse to convert
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Celibacy
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no sex
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Ascetism
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sever discipline of body for religious purposes
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rebirth
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born again
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religious toleration
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tolerant of other religions
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revelations of divine love
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book by Julian of Norwich, about visions of God concerning his endless love and mystery about Trinity
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Waldenses
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group started by Peter Waldo; believed in new testament (Sermon on Mount); rejected oaths, relics, images, masses for dead, veneration, saints, and much more; accepted only baptism and communion; wanted simplicity; attacked clergy;
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Zwingli
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believed that eucharist was symbolic; criticized indulgences, and believed bible is the only way to go
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Sola Fide
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salvation by faith alone; claim salvation through faith
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Sola Scriptura
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bible is the only way to go; if doesnt contradict bible it is ok for luther
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St. Francis of Assisi
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started order of Franciscans; live in poverty and preach
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Tetzel
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guy who sold indulgences and ticked luther off
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95 theses
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arguments against indulgences and claim that pope has domain over purgatory
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anabaptists
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group of radical reformers who rejected infant baptism b/c they dont know what they are receiving and were for separation of church and state
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anchoress
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female who lives like hermit for religious reasons
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transubstantiation
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belief that bread and wine of eucharist turned into body and blood of christ
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holy sepulchre
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place where Christ buried in jerusalem
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Book of Concord
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lutheran document
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Battle at Milvan Bridge
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Constantine had vison and won this battle because put up symbol; said i win this battle in the name of this symbol
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