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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
John Locke |
-England 1690's -People had natural inalienable rights -He said if a king takes away your rights you must over throw him -Said "Gov. rules with consent of the governed" |
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Montesquieu |
-French- 1740's -Wrote Spirit of the Laws -3 Branches (judicial, legislative, executive) -System of checks and balances |
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Adam Smith |
-Father of Modern Capitalism -Said wealth in world is infinite, free trade, colonies should grow what they determine is best, prices and wages are set by supply and demand, gov. should only interfere in the economy in the case of national security |
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Seven Years War |
-Happens in America "French and Indian War" -French and Native Americans v. G.B. and Spain -Spain and G.B. won- France gets eliminated from the US and India -G.B. expand in the US -G.B. gets Mississippi river and East & Florida -Spain gets west of Mississippi River |
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~Great Compromise |
-VA plan and NJ plan -Bicameral congress -House of Representatives~ each state is represented according to population -Senate~ Each state has 2 Senators -Both House and Senate must pass laws |
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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
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-Triangle Trade -Euro brings clothes, alcohol, pots, etc to Africa, which gives Euro slaves, Euro gives them to US and Eastern countries for sugar, coffee, tobacco or cotton -Transatlantic Destinations -4.72 mil. went to Brazil, 4.75 mil. went to N. America (US, Cuba, Veracruz, Jamaica, St. Domingue) and parts of S. America |
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Abolition Movement |
-Influences on Abolishing Slavery- Enlightenment, The Quakers, Christianity, Increasing Literacy Rates, Industrialization -Outlawed Trade in: Denmark- 1803 G.B.- 1807 US- 1808 France- 1814 -Outlawed Owning Slaves in: G.B.- 1833 France- 1848 US- 1865 Brazil- 1888 |
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Carolus Linnaeus |
- Swedish Botanist -Classified things (plants, animals, and people) into categories -Classified people into 4 groups 1. Asian 2. American 3. European 4. African -Based on what he sees and hears from others who traveled -Inspired others such as Blumenbach who classified people into a hierarchy |
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Australia and New Zealand |
-Captain James Cook -G.B.'s penal colony: 150,000 criminals -They found the economic value in -Sheep (wool)- textile industry -Seals- pelts -Whales- baleen (Corsets, umbrellas, fishing rods) oil/ fat (soap, lamps, machine lube), ambergris (perfume) |
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Cottage Industry |
-Business or Manufacturing activity carried out in a persons' home -Family Units -People owned spinning wheels, spindles, etc to do this work from their home |
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Industrial Revolution Start in G.B. |
-They had key materials: -coal and iron ore -labor because of overpopulation -flourishing trade -Entrepreneurs -Transportation networks -Banks and Standard Currency |
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Josiah Wedgwood |
-Entrepreneur of Pottery -Opened a factory in the Midlands in 1759 -Innovation: Molds - Prices for pottery items went down |
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Sadler Committee |
-Delt with children working in factories - Took interviews for people who worked in factories and to form Child Labor Laws |
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Steam Engine |
-1770's -Invented by James Watt and Matthew Boulton -Pumped water out of mines -Stable source of power: Steam ships, rail roads, cars -Standardized time --Environmental Impact -Air Pollution -Contaminated water |
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Communication Advancements |
-1790's- Alessandro Volta: Invented Batteries -1840's- Samuel Morse: Invented telegraph/ Morse Code -1870's- Alexander Graham Bell- Invented telephone |
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Conservatism |
-All adult men who are wealthy should vote -Monarchy government -Gov. should have little say in economy~only to protect wealthy and/or the centralized power of government |
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Marxism |
-All adults should vote. Gender equity. -Change in gov. should happen quickly and violently by the working poor -Gov. should have more power in the economy. Redistribute wealth, no unions, no private property. |
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Chartist Movement |
-1830's G.B. -Tries to get Socialism put into action -6 demands 1. Voting rights for all adult men 2. No property qualifications for Members of Parliament 3. Secret ballot 4. Payment of MPs 5. Redistricting 6. annual Parliaments |
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Robert Owen |
- New Lanark, Scotland -No child labor in his factory -Provides free education for kids -Provides free and hot lunch during the day for workers -Provides cheap housing -Workers work 8-9 hours per day |
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Nicolas I |
-Ruled 1825-1855 -Decemberist Revolt (against him, but he suppressed it) -Absolute Monarch -Expands secret police -Orthodoxy, autocracy, and Folk nationality -Persecuted Jews -Rigid Censorship; strict control of education |
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Mohammed Ali |
-Ruled 1805-1848 -Modernized Army and Navy -Invaded Syria and Anatolia -Builds educational system -Established large standing army (100,000) -Industry growth -Irrigation system -Jobs~ manufacturing armaments -Medical advancements -1839: Had to withdraw from conquered lands repeal protective tax & reduce standing army |
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Tanzimat Reforms |
-Mid-1800's Ottoman Empire -Changes brought about in attempt of political change in prior years -Before: House of Osman leaders changed and purged by Janissaries. Let go of Greece because they aren't the same as the Ottomans |
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Revolution of 1857 |
-India v. G.B. -Enfield Rifle (pig and cow fat rumor) -Azamgarb Proclamation: G.B. destroyed trade, increased taxes, took skilled labor jobs, told people what they had to grow -100,000 Indian deaths (mostly civilian) -Lasts a year -Dethrone Mughal Emperor -Cleared forests, restructure lands -Grow certain crops (coffee, tea, cotton, opium) -Rail roads and telegraphs -Canals, Harbors, and Irrigation systems |
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Congress Party |
-1885 -Involved educated people -Response to economic and social change -Increasing British control of politics -Impact of Western-style of education Goals -More opportunity- civil service - reduce military spending -Unites among religious and caste groups |
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Opium War |
-1839-1842 - Late 1700's- British smuggle about 1,000 chests of Opium/year -Changes to 40,000 chests/year -GB traded tea for Opium -1839- Chinese (Ruler Lin) stopped trade with GB -War ensued over trade and GB won |
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Treaty of Nanjing |
-Treaty negotiations were pro-GB -GB gained 5 trading ports (including Hong Kong- huge and important port) -China had to pay reparations~ 1.3 million lbs of silver -Any Brit was exempt from Chinese law while in China -Opened way for other W. concessions -Weakens China in Westerners eyes |
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Taiping Rebellion |
-1850-1864 -Result of weakening gov. and W. trade -Heavenly Kingdom- Hong Xiuquan- Red Turbans Xiuquan believes: Gender equality, free public education, abolition of slavery and adultery, opposed gambling, drugs & alcohol abuse, redistribution of land -Initially has great success but China asks France for help in battling Red Turbans and Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace falls |
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Five Pillars of Islam |
-Spreads throughout Africa, Persia, Mongol Empire, etc 1.Shahadah: sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith. 2. Salat: performing ritual prayers in the proper way five times each day. 3. Zakat: paying an alms (or charity) tax to benefit the poor and the needy. 4. Sawm: fasting during the month of Ramadan. 5. Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca. |
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Wahhabism |
-Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792)- religious cleric -Wanted to return to Pure Islam (very strict) -Believed in 6th pillar (Jihad: Holy war) |
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Sokoto Sultunate |
-1804 Hausa Kings overthrown -Kicks people out that don't believe in Islam -Sparks Trade -Takes Islam S. of Sahara desert then takes it down into Africa and spreads it |
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Zulu Kingdom |
-Shaka Zulu in S. Africa (17-87-1828) -Wars of Crushing and Wandering -Unites Nguni People- either with Shaka or exiles people -40,000 man standing army -GB finds gold and diamonds in S. Africa and move against Shaka Zulu |
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Gran Colombia |
-Attempt to create a federal structure that brings together 5 states in the NW corner of S. America -Use US as a model -Led by Bolivar -Spanish gov is defeated so the gov. is u p for grabs -fails~ rich people and Catholics hate it because it's too democratic |
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Mexican-American War |
-1846-1848 -Texas breaks away from Mexico and wants to become a state -War over borders (Ends at Rio Grande River) -US buys California, Nevada, etc. -It brings up which states are free and which states are slave states~ leads to Civil War |
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Plessey v. Ferguson |
-1896 -Railroad cars- if it's okay to separate people by skin color -Supreme court says it's okay to separate as along as conditions are equal -Brings up "Separate but Equal" -Legitimizes race |
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Unification of Italy |
-Piedmont- North- Engine of change -PM- Cavor and King Emmanuel~ Conservative -Sicily- South -Guiseppe Garibaldi- republic
Unification in 1861 -Constitutional Monarchy -Divide between N. and S. -Heavy taxes -Civil War (1861-1866) |
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Unification of Germany |
-Prussia -PM Bismark and King Wilhelm I -Multiple wars of unification -Denmark: 1864-1866 -Austria: 1866 -France: 1870-1871 Unification in 1871 -Conservative Constitutional Monarchy |