Grade 11 Biology - Unit One Test Review : Diversity

Front 1

What are the levels of classification?

Back 1

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Front 2

What are the Six Kingdoms of life?

Back 2

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria (Archaea), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Anamalia

Front 3

Who is Carl Linnaeus?

Back 3

- The "father of modern taxonomy"

- He created the basis for modern classification of living things

Front 4

What was Aristotle's contribution to science?

Back 4

- He created the "blood or no blood" dichotomy that later evolved into "plant or animal".

Front 5

Define the term "Binomial Nomenclature".

Back 5

The formal system of naming species whereby each species is assigned a genus name followed by a specific name.

(Together, these form the species name.)

Front 6

What do the genus and specific names tell us about the organism?

Back 6

If the genus name is shared, it means that there are commonalities and that the organisms exhibit similar traits.

However, if the specific names are not the same, it means that there are minor differences that distinguish the organisms from one another.

Front 7

Why is classification important?

Back 7

Classification is important because...

- It is a way to identify what living things are;

- It is easier to relate living things to one another;

- It helps us to understand how living things are related.

Front 8

Define the term "Dichotomous Key".

Back 8

A series of branching, two-part statements used to identify organisms or objects.

Front 9

What is a flaw of using a dichotomous key?

Back 9

Dichotomous keys are only good for what they are built to classify.

Front 10

Define the term "species" (or biological species concept).

Back 10

A group whose members are able to freely breed among themselves under natural conditions.

Front 11

Define the term "morphology".

Back 11

The practice of defining species based on physical characteristics and appearance.

Front 12

Define the term "hybridization".

Back 12

The cross breeding of two different species.

Front 13

Define the term "evolutionary change".

Back 13

Physical and behavioural changes that occur in an entire species over a period of time.

Front 14

Define the term "heterotroph".

Back 14

An organism that cannot make its own food and therefore must obtain nutrients by eating living or dead organisms.

Front 15

Define the term "autotroph".

Back 15

An organism that is able to make its own food.

Front 16

Define the term "biodiversity".

Back 16

The variation of behaviour, habitat, abundance of different species and ecological niches.

Front 17

Define the term "structural diversity".

Back 17

The range of physical sizes, shapes, distribution of individuals, habitat and community in an ecosystem.

Front 18

What is the importance of structural diversity?

Back 18

Structural diversity is critical for biodiversity because it helps to create microhabitats with a variety of abiotic conditions.

Front 19

Why are viruses not considered living?

Back 19

Viruses are not considered to be "alive" because they lack many of the properties associated with living organisms.

Front 20

What does DNA stand for?

Back 20

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Front 21

What does RNA stand for?

Back 21

Ribonucleic Acid.

Front 22

What is DNA?

Back 22

DNA is the genetic material that is trapped inside of the nucleus of the cell.

Front 23

What is RNA used for and how is it created?

Back 23

The DNA is trapped inside of the nucleus, but it needs to send messages to the other parts of the cell, so the DNA grows and stretches to create RNA.

The RNA can then leave the nucleus and tell the other parts of the cell what to do.

Front 24

What is a bacteriophage?

Back 24

A virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it.

Front 25

What is a 'plasmid'?

Back 25

A circular piece of DNA.

Front 26

What are the 4 phases of viral replication?

Back 26

1. Attachment

- viral DNA is released into the bacteria

2. Synthesis

- new DNA is being replicated; parts of the virus are being formed

3. Assembly

- the pieces of the virus are being put together to form new viruses

4. Release

- the virus is released

Front 27

Define the term "endosymbiosis".

Back 27

A relationship in which a single celled organism lives within another organism.

Front 28

Define the term "binary fission".

Back 28

Asexual bacterial reproduction whereby the bacterium grows and grows until it eventually splits into two new bacteria.

Front 29

Describe some characteristics of the Kingdom Archaebacteria.

Back 29

They are prokaryotic, autotrophic and heterotrophic, unicellular, chemotrophic and they are alive.

(Because they are alive, antibiotics can be used to kill or weaken them.)

Front 30

Define the term "chemotroph".

Back 30

An organism that obtains its energy from chemical reactions.

Front 31

Describe the different shapes of bacteria.

Back 31

Bacillus - Rod

Cocci - Sphere

Spirillum - Spiral

Front 32

Describe the different clusters of bacteria.

Back 32

Diplo - 2

Strepto - chain

Staphylo - clump

Front 33

Define and describe the process of conjugation .

Back 33

Conjugation is a form of sexual bacterial reproduction.

Conjugation occurs when a tube forms between 2 bacteria and genetic material is shared.

Front 34

Define the term "endospore".

Back 34

An endospore is a thick cell wall that encapsulates genetic material of a bacteria until it becomes dormant.

Front 35

How do endospores aid bacteria in survival?

Back 35

Endospores help bacteria to survive hash conditions (e.g. volcanoes, droughts, ice ages.)

Front 36

Define the term "probiotic".

Back 36

Probiotics are living micro organisms that provide health benefits to the consumer.

Front 37

What are the benefits of probiotics?

Back 37

Probiotics help to improve digestive health.

Front 38

Define the term "prebiotics".

Back 38

Prebiotics are food for probiotics.

Front 39

Define the term "symbiotics".

Back 39

Symbiotics are foods containing probiotics and prebiotics.

Front 40

Photosynthetic protists are important ______________;

Non photosynthetic protists are important _______________.

Back 40

Photosynthetic protists are important producers;

Non photosynthetic protists are important consumers.

Front 41

Provide a few characteristics of protists.

Back 41

Protists are eukaryotic, mostly unicellular and are abundant in terrestrial areas.

Some protists live as symbiotic organisms in the bodies of animals.

Front 42

Define the term "haploid".

Back 42

A cell with half the regular number of chromosomes in a cell.

Front 43

Define the term "diploid".

Back 43

A cell with two copies of each chromosome.

Front 44

Define the term "zygote".

Back 44

The resulting cell formed by the fusion of two sex cells.

Front 45

Describe some characteristics of the Kingdom Protista.

Back 45

Unicellular, eukaryotic, aquatic.

3 types: plant-like, animal-like, fungi-like.

Front 46

Describe some characteristics of the Kingdom Plantae.

Back 46

Eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic, not mobile, contain cellulose.

Front 47

Describe some characteristics of the Kingdom Anamalia.

Back 47

Eukaryotic, mobile, not photosynthetic, multicellular, no cellulose.

Front 48

In the Kingdom Anamalia, there are 2 groups of animals: vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates have _______________symmetry, while invertebrates have ______________ symmetry.

Back 48

In the Kingdom Anamalia, there are 2 groups of animals: vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates have bilateral symmetry, while invertebrates have radial symmetry.

Front 49

Define the term "coelom".

Back 49

A body cavity used to hold organs.

Front 50

Define the term "endotherm" and give an example.

Back 50

Warm blooded ---> mammals.

Front 51

Define the term "ectotherm" and give an example.

Back 51

Cold blooded ---> reptiles and amphibians.

Front 52

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Back 52

Prokaryotic.

Front 53

Are Protists prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Back 53

Eukaryotic.

Front 54

Are animals prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Back 54

Eukaryotic.

Front 55

Are bacteria unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Back 55

Unicellular.

Front 56

Are Protists unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Back 56

Both.

Front 57

Are animals unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Back 57

Multicellular.

Front 58

How are bacteria helpful?

Back 58

They are used in digestive tracts (intestines) to help break down food.

Front 59

What is an example of bacteria?

Back 59

E. Coli.

Front 60

What is an example of a Protist?

Back 60

Green algae.

Front 61

List some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Back 61

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus -> Eukaryotes have a nucleus.

Prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts) -> Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles.

Prokaryotic cells are ALL unicellular -> eukaryotes may be unicellular OR multicellular. (However they are usually multicellular.)

Front 62

List some characteristics of the Kingdom Eubacteria.

Back 62

Prokaryotic, cells vary in shape and size, photosynthetic, chemotrophic, heterotrophic.

Front 63

List some characteristics of the Kingdom Archaebacteria.

Back 63

Prokaryotic, most are extremely small, live in digestive tracts of mammals.

Front 64

List some characteristics of the Kingdom Protista.

Back 64

Eukaryotic, extreme diversity in cellular structure, heterotrophic or photosynthetic, varying forms of movement, usually in aquatic environments.

Front 65

List some characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi.

Back 65

Eukaryotic, mostly multicellular, no chloroplast, all heterotrophic.

Front 66

List some characteristics of the Kingdom Plantae.

Back 66

Eukaryotic, all are multicellular, possess chloroplast, autotrophic and photosynthetic.

Front 67

List some characteristics of the Kingdom Anamalia.

Back 67

Eukaryotic, all are multicellular, no cell walls, no chloroplasts, all are heterotrophic.