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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is cell theory?
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• Cells are the basic building block of life
- All living things are made up of cells - All cells are made from previous cells |
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substances move through the cell membrane by
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Diffusion
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If a microscope has a 10x objective lens in place and a 10x ocular lens, the total magnification of the microscope system under these conditions is _______x’s
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100x's
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What are the stages of mitosis?
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• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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How do children and adult cells compare?
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• Children are growing organisms and undergo rapid mitosis of cells in the areas of growth whereas adults are mature causing much slower mitosis in their cells in the areas of growth
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What are tissues?
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• Tissues are specialized cells grouped together to perform tasks
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What are the 4 types of animal tissues?
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• Epithelial
• Connective • Muscle • Nervous |
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What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles? Examples of each.
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• Voluntary muscles you choose to control, involuntary muscles operate automatically such as the heart.
• Voluntary (moving limbs) • Involuntary (blood vessels, organs, the heart) |
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What are the 4 types of plant tissue?
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• Meristematic
• Epidermal • Ground • Vascular |
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In what type of plant tissue does photosynthesis occur? _______________
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Epidermal --> Leaves
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What is the difference between the xylem and the phloem?
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• Xylem : Movement of water and minerals from the roots up through the stem to the leaves for photosynthesis (one way only and thicker walls)
• Phloem: Transports sugar produced in photosynthesis form the leaves to other parts of the plants to use as energy (Two-way flow and permeable walls) |
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What is the difference between chromatin, chromosomes (single/double) and chromatids?
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• Chromatin: Form of DNA during interphase in small thin strands in the nucleus
• Chromosomes: During prophase DNA condenses (thicken) and become visible (Single). Chromosomes pair up to form a double strand joining at the centromere (Double). • Chromatids: During anaphase the chromosomes detach from the centromere producing daughter chromosomes becoming chromatids |
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How do plants bend towards light?
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The cells that are on the side of the plant away from the sun undergo rapid mitosis in response to the environment around them
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What is regeneration?
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The process whereby a body par is replaced/ regrown/
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What is the role of White Blood cells VS. Red Blood cells?
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Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen
White blood cells protect the body from bacteria and viruses, and fight infection. |
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Plants are primarily made up of...
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Ground tissue
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What are stomata?
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Tiny openings that allow carbon dioxide, water vapour, and oxygen into or out of the leaf.
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What is the role of mitochondria?
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Produce energy for cells to carry out their functions
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What is cytokinesis?
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• Occurs at the end of telophase, and involves the division of the cytoplasm, including organelles
• In an animal cell it pinches at the centre (cleavage furrow) and in a plant cell a wall forms between the two halves (cell plate) |
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How can sunlight cause cancer?
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The ultraviolet radiation from the sun can mutate skin cells creating cancer cells.
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What are the reactants and products of Cellular respiration?
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Glucose + Oxygen ---> Water + CO2
(Glucose = C6 H12 O6) |
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What is transpiration and how does it allow for plants to gain water?
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Transpiration is the evaporation of water through the stomata in the leaves . As each water molecule evaporates, a pull is created which draws more water up the xylem, so the plant is continuously hydrated.
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What is the relationship between skin and body temperature?
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- Produces sweat to cool the body upon evaporation
- Blood vessels in the skin give off heat |
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What is the path of inhaled air in the respiratory system?
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Mouth/ Nose --> Pharynx --> Trachea --> Bronchi --> Bronchioles --> Alveoli --> Capillaries --> Bloodstream
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What is the path of food through the digestive system?
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Mouth/ Nose --> Tongue --> Esophagus --> Stomach --> Intestines
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Describe the chest cavity and diaphragm during breathing.
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• When you inhale your rib cage rises and your diaphragm contracts and moves downwards, increasing the size of your chest cavity due to lower air pressure rushing air in to the lungs.
• When you exhale your rib cage lowers and your diaphragm relaxes, and moves upwards decreasing the size of your chest cavity due to higher air pressure squeezing air out of the lungs. |
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Describe the path of blood through the heart.
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Right atrium --> Right ventricle --> Lungs --> Left atrium --> Left ventricle --> Aorta (leads to arteries throughout the body)
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How does the excretory system work?
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Nephrons in the kidneys remove waste and form urine which moves to the ureters --> urinary bladder --> urethra
Skin is also part since it excretes water and salt |
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Chemical product in the endocrine system are called...
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Hormones
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Which animal system helps fight disease?
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Lymphatic system
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What is homeostasis?
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A steady state amongst our body systems
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What is peristalsis?
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The rhythmic constriction and relaxation of smooth muscles that line the esophagus
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What is the role of the anther?
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Male sex cell that produces pollen
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Roots
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- Anchor/ stabilize the plant
- Collect water from soil and transport to stem - Store food made in other parts of the plant |
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Leaf
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- Accomplish photosynthesis
CO2 + Water = Glucose + Oxygen |
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Stem
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- Transport water and nutrients throughout the plant
- Support the leaves and flowers |
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Flower/ Fruit
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- Reproductive structure of the plant
- Male organs (STAMENS) has filament with anther which produces pollen - Female organ (PISTIL) contains the ovary, style, stigma which produces eggs (female sex cell) |
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Epithelial Tissue
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ANIMAL TISSUE
- Forms protective barrier - Lines body cavities, and surfaces and forms glands |
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Connective Tissue
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ANIMAL TISSUE
- Used to join other tissues together -Tendons: Muscle to bone -Ligments: bones to bones -Cartilage -Blood |
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Muscle Tissue
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ANIMAL TISSUE
- Allows for movement Skeletal -- Moving Limbs Smooth -- Blood Vessels and organs Cardia -- The heart |
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Nervous Tissue
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Animal Tissue
- Create impulses - Receive messages from outside the body |
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Meristematic Tissue
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- Unspecialized cells
- Found in growing parts (responsible for growing new parts of the plant) |
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Epidermal Tissue
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PLANT TISSUE
- Forms a protective outer coating - Tiny openings called stomata (underside of the leaf) |
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Ground Tissue
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PLANT TISSUE
- Makes up majority of the cell Stem -- provides strength and support Roots -- Stores food and water Leaves -- where photosynthesis occurs called mesophyll |
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Vascular Tissue
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PLANT TISSUE
Transports water and nutrients up up and down the plant - Xylem (water and minerals one way + thick walls) - Phloem ( Sugar and nutrients two ways + permeable walls) |