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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The natural angle of piling of unconsolidated materials that is controlled by the size, shape and moisture content.
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Angle of repose
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The internal friction and external support for unconsolidated material defines the.
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slope strength.
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A slump consists of...
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unconsolidated materials that fail along a curved surface.
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Which of the following is a factor that influences mass wasting.
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The mineral content of the subsurface.
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Which of the following is an example of mechanical weathering.
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Decomposition of organic material to produce natural acid.
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Rocks that are dislodged from outcrops by frost wedging that accumulate into a steep sloped pile
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Tallus
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When water percolates through the soil A
- horizon, it reacts with CO2 from the decay of organic matter. What forms during th |
Carbonic acid
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Pedalfer is a soil that develops in what climate?
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temperate region
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slow movement of soil down slope is a form of mass wasting known as..
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creep.
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Reaction of c
arbonic acid in groundwater with limestone will result in all of the following except... |
pressure release fracturing of limestone.
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Spodosols are soils found in which of the following locations?
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Adirondack mountains of New York.
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The aridisol is a soil that is commonly found all of the following places except
A) Arizona. B) Utah C) Lebanon. D) Yemen. E) Nunavut. |
Nunavut.
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Prairie Dog lives in what type of soil?
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mollisols
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The soil order that covers much of the northern part of South America is.
) spodosols B) aridisols C) mollisols D) laterite E) none of these choices |
none of these choices
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Soil order that lacks organic matter and develops in arid regions.
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aridisols
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A laterite soil is also known as...
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oxisols
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A soil that forms in a semi-arid regions is...
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pedocal
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In a pedalfer soil, the C horizon is...
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zone of accumulation.
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It is not a good idea to build the road on this hill side
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ue to slope instability. The slope is undercut, the slope is made of unconsolidated materials and it's clear from G.E. that the slope is already experiencing mass wasting.
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located on the flank of a cinder cone. Compute the angle of repose for
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1.3 degrees. Any answer between 1 and 3 was accepted
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Why did this mud slide occur?
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Area has little vegetation to hold the soil.
B) Area could have been undercut by a road half - way up the slope. C) The sea terrace on which the houses sit has over-steepened the cliff. all of these |
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Australian desert. soil?
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climate is arid and the soil is aridosol
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Which of the following is an important factor in regard to how people interact with Earth.
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Technology
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The decline of the Rapa Nui civilization was the result of..
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over
population B) deforestation C) natural resource exploitation D) civil war E) all of these choices****** |
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Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability for future generations
to meet their own needs.” This quote is related to one of the following answers: |
A) Sustainable pr
oduction B) Earth in Mind C) David Orb D) OPEC E) None of these choices***** |
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When does “Environmentalism” equal “Sustainability”?
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Never
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Extraction, Use and Recycle.
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Circular model for resource usage
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Bauxite is mined to produce what metal?
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Aluminum
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Which of the following
is not a category of Earth's resources? |
Weather
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The scientific methods is the formulation of an hypothesis, developing an experiment to test the hypothesis, hypothesis revision to include the experimental results, then development of a new experiment that
will continue to test the hypothesis. |
true
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Industrial development always has positive impact on society
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False
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Kuznet curves predict..
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that industrialization will result in initial environmental degradation, followed by prosperity that leads to
a reduction in the environmental degredation. |
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Industrial development has positive impact on the environment.
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True
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Non-renewable energy resource recovery always has serious negative impact on the environment.
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False
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Halite is one of the earliest mineral resources mined by humans.
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True
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Gold and silver are the first metals used by humans.
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False
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Which of the following factors is not used in computing the ESI.
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Global Climate Change
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Developing countries overall have lower ESI scores than developed nations.
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True
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The average annual ambient SO2 levels in Chinese cities has decreased significantly as the per capita
income has increased over the past two decades. |
True
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Since 1965, the world population growth rate has been increasing.
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False
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Strategic resources are those resources, such as metals, that have become important to certain key
industry |
True
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Surface mining includes...
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open-pit mining.
strip mining. quarrying. removal of overburden to extract ore. |
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A vertical tunnel that is used in subsurface mining.
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shaft
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A horizontal tunnel that is used in subsurface mining.
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adit
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During mining, the ore is separated from rock. The rock that does not contain economical concentration of
ore is known as. |
waste rock.
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Rain is considered to be "Acid Rain" when t
he pH falls below the neutral value of 7. |
False
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What is the main cause of the acidic rain in the eastern U.S.?
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Coal burning in the mid-western states.
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Where was the oldest mineral grain on Earth found?
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western Austrailia
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The mineral that is most commonly used to obtain radiometric ages of rocks.
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Zircon
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The Earth’s magnetic field is caused by...
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convection of molten Fe in the outer core
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The person credited for the theory of seafloor spreading.
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Harry Hess
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Relative dating is...
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placing geologic events and features in a sequential order of oldest to youngest.
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Mineral deposits that are associated with fluid that is expelled from magma bodies or where groundwater
is heated by intrusion. |
Hydrothermal veins
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The primary source of heat in the crust to produce granite magma is...
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the result of radioactive decay of potassium, thorium and uranium
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Coarse grained mineral deposits that concentrate elements at the margins of intrusions.
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Pegmatites.
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Melting of continental crust will result in basaltic magma.
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False
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Concentration of heavy mineral grains in sedimentary systems such as rivers are known as
_________________ deposits. |
placer
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Garnet is a metamorphic mineral, and the largest garnets on Earth are found at Gore Mountain, New
York |
True
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Earth’s average geothermal gradient for continental crust increases by what degree Celsius per
kilometer? |
25
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Which type of magma has the greatest iron and magnesium content?
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ultramafic
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The ocean floor is largely made up of
___________ and the continents are largely made up of __________. |
basalt, granite respectively.
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Diagenesis includes the processes where sediments are converted to sedimentary rock.
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True
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It is thought that major sulfide ore deposits are the result of ______________ at mid-ocean ridges.
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black smokers
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The rock cycle is an illustration of three different rock types and
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their environment of formation.
their potential change over time. their relation to internal and external Earth processes. |
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Which part of the earth does NOT transmit S waves
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outer core
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Oceanic crust is mostly what composition?
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mafic
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Using the behavior of seismic wave propagation through the earth, scientists were able.
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to find plate tectonic boundaries.
B) to determine major discontinuities. C ) to explain hot spot volcanism. D) to find mantle convection |
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The lithosphere is composed of the...
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crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.
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As compared to the asthenosphere, the lithosphere is.
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hotter and more able
to flow |
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The driving mechanism for plate t
ectonics is thought to be.. |
thermal convection within the earth’s.
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According to plate tectonic theory...
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crust is formed along divergent boundaries and consumed along convergent boundaries .
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The magnetic field of Earth in the geologic past is...
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known to have experienced numerous polarity reversals, due to remnant magnetization of iron-rich minerals in rocks.
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The idea that the continents have maintained fixed positions throughout time...
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was accepted by scientists until the 1960's and was repla
ced by the theory of plate tectonics |
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At a transform plate boundary...
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crustal blocks slide past one another.
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Tectonic plates move at rates that are approximately...
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1 to 15 cm/year.
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