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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Agriculture
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The deliberate modification of the Earths surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain subsidence or economic gain
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How was agriculture originally developed?
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Hunting and gathering plants
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What are 3 original purposes of the domestication of animals?
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- sacrifices
- religious ceremonies - pets |
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Where did domestication of animals first occur?
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South West Asia
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Discuss the original agricultural heath
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"The Fertile Crescent"
12 000 - 10 000 years ago |
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What types of grains were originally domesticated during the first Agricultural hearth?
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Wheat, barley, flax, lentils, peas, olives, sheep, goats and cattle
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What 5 locations were the main areas of the second agricultural hearths that developed?
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- Chine
- Mesoamerica - Andean South America - West Africa - Eastern North America |
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In China, what gradually replaced 'shifting cultivation'?
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Wet rice cultivation
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After what year AD, did acceleration of agricultural plants and animals start to diffuse world wide?
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1500 AD
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What type of agriculture is dominant in LDCs?
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Subsistence
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What type of agriculture is dominant in MDCs?
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Commercial
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What are the FIVE principle distinguishing factors between subsistent and commercial agriculture?
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1. Purpose of farming
2. Percentage of farmers in the labour force 3. Use of machinery 4. Farm size 5. Relationship of farming to other businesses |
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What it the purpose of commercial farming?
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For sale on the market
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What is the purpose of subsistence farming?
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For personal consumption, there is minimal surplus
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What is "swidden" agriculture?
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Agriculture where the tribes and their livestock move to new land when they have wrecked their land.
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Where is shifting cultivation most popular?
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Tropical South America
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Where is pastoral nomadism most popular?
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Dry lands of Africa and Asia
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What percentage of the world's land is used for pastoral nomadism agriculture?
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15%
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What is transhumance?
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The seasonal movement of people with their live stock over relatively short distances
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Where is Intensive Subsistence Agriculture popular, and what are some characteristics of it?
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Most of South, East and South east Asia.
- intensive population and land pressure - extremely labour intensive - double cropping common |
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What are two components of Commercial Agriculture in developed regions?
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Mixed Crop & Livestock farming
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Where is the "Corn Belt"?
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The USA Midwest and central Europe
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Where is the "dairy belt"?
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- NE & SE Canada
- NW Europe - New Zealand |
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What country specializes in diary farming?
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The United States
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Is dairy farming capital-intensive and require advanced technology?
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Yes.
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What is Mediterranean Agriculture?
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Growing of olives, grapes, fruits, vegetables and some cereals, it chiefly for human consumption.
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Grain Farming:
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- a variety of cereal crops, but wheat is dominant
- cheap & easy storage, so proximity to markets is not necessary - large scale operations & heavy machinary |
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Livestock Ranching:
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- grazing of livestock
- semi-nomadic - soil conditions don't have to be that great |
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Where is livestock ranching common?
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- Western USA
- SE South America - Central Asia - Southern Africa - Australia |
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Where is commercial gardening and fruit gardening most popular?
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- Southeast USA
- Southeast Australia |
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What is the primary worker force of Commercial gardening & fruit gardening?
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Migrant worker
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Where is plantation farming most popular?
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LDCs
- Latin America - Africa - Asia |
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What is European colonial expansion a result of?
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Plantation farming
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List some cash crops
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- cotton
- sugar cane - coffee - rubber - tabacco - coca - bananas - tea - coconut - palm oil |
