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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most complex ________ region on planet
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religious
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Most complex _______ region on planet, especially for critical resources during period of organic world economy
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colonial
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Geopolitically, a recovered ________. Resources now available from organic chemistry
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“Shatterbelt”
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One of world’s ___________ regions: several tectonic plates intersect
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MOST active
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Volcanic activity common. In 1883 explosion of _____________ in Sunda Strait & resulting tsunamis killed at least 30,000.
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Krakatau
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1816 “year w/out a summer” in US after explosion of ___________ in 1815. Winter of 1817 worst recorded. Caused one of worst famines of 1800s
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Tambora
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_________ in typhoon path
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Philippines
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__________ marks the deep water area that separates the flora & fauna of Australia from Asia.
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Wallace’s line
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______________, an animal and bird collector, arrived at the theory of natural selection independently of Darwin, but later published with him. His work is foundational for the sub-discipline of zoogeography
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Alfred Wallace
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________________ was first environmental tragedy reported in near real time around world (by global network of submarine telegraphs installed by British from 1865 on)
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Krakatau eruption of 1883
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_______________ keep area very wet, have allowed easy human movement by sea for past 2,000 years
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Tropical monsoons
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Early agriculture swidden on ______________ (run-off & erosion were minimized)
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poor tropical soils
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Main food crop irrigated __________ (using nutrients from water)
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padi rice
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Main cash crops from ______________ (teak, gutta percha) or _____________ (rubber)
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tropical forest trees or plantation trees
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___________ of tropical forests very destructive. Loss of species, increased soil erosion.
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Clear-cutting
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___________________ in region minimized forest loss
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Older agricultural practices
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Swidden, tropical irrigation, most _________ forest management all did quite well
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colonial era
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Problem is clear-cutting by ____________________
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large scale international commercial logging companies
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TFRs across region ______________
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vary greatly (0.78 to 5.23)
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Capitalist _________ one of world’s lowest at 0.78, surrounding state of Malaysia Islamic but dropping fast & now 2.64, Thailand (1.66) & Vietnam (1.89) also below 2. Burma is 2.23
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Singapore
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__________, world’s most populous Islamic state, has TFR of 2.23, low by Islamic standards but up from 3rd edn (most recent figures for Iran show it well below 2)
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Indonesia
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__________ retains v. high birth rate (5.23)
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Timor Leste
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Radical Islam taking hold in ___________ but may be circumvented if TFR continues to drop. Child mortality is lowering
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Indonesia
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Region still very _____ (easier to reduce birth-rates in cities)
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rural
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Population most concentrated in _____________. Philippines & Malaysia well populated overall
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Indonesia
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Concentrations of population in most
productive _____________ of Cambodia, Vietnam (N), Thailand, Burma |
agric regions
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Pop density v low in tropical forest regions of _________________
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central part of archipelago (Borneo)
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Most complex religious region on planet because ____________________. Hinduism part of great Indian expansions into region just after time of Christ
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all 4 major religions present
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Considerable remnant _______________
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animism (nature worship)
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__________________ replaced Hinduism in Indochina
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Buddhism (Mahayana & Theravada)
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_____________ collision point since 1500s between expansive Islam & Christianity
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Philippines
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Several hundred distinct languages in ______ language families
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five
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Order imposed by ________ languages
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colonial
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No other major languages before creation of national languages in __________ and ___________, early to mid-1900s
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Indonesia and Philippines
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Colonial languages (esp. French) survive in _________, suppressed in Burma/ Myanmar
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Indochina
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____________ claimed by China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam. Area may have substantial oil reserves
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Spratly Islands
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Struggle within __________ between Christian majority & Muslims
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Philippines
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_____________: internal strife between Islamic majority & Christians
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Indonesia
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Indonesia long thought to be home to a very peaceful form of Islam--but increasingly home to fundamentalist madrassas. Concerns over what is seen as ______________ led to bombing of a night club in Bali frequented by Australians (sub-text of this is sex tourism)
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corrupt western behavior
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______________ now separated from Indonesia and administered by Australia after very nasty war—has oil so comparatively well off
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Timor Leste
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_________________ a total mess, tho release of pro-democracy leader\ Aung San Suu Kyi (Nov 2010) is hopeful
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Burma (Myanmar)
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__________ thought involved (clubs have Russian as well as Thai girls)
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Russian Mafia
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______ 15th in ranking for those “living with AIDS
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Thailand
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_________ 19th. Bali night club bombing of 2002 killed 202 people, mostly Westerners tho 88 were Australians. Al Quaeda claimed responsibility— responding to Australia’s role in liberating East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 & US “War on Terror.” Was also an Islamic response to sex tourism
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Indonesia
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World’s most ________ region
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colonized
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Small numbers of Indian merchants “colonized” _______________ (3) c. 100 AD to meet Roman demand for luxury goods
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Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia
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__________ expanded into Indonesia after 1000 AD (role unclear)
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Islamic traders
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Chinese pushed south into __________
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Vietnam
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__________________ (7) all had “colonies.”
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Spain, Portugal, Holland, Br, Fr, US, Japan
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Only ____________ never “colonized” as such (tho Siam was a British protectorate)
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Thailand
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____________ Allied with Japan in WWII. Japan conquered rest
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Thailand
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French attempted to return to _________ as a colonial power after WWII—trounced at Dien Bien Phu 1954 and departed
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Vietnam
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Early Sivaite (Indian) Temple in Cambodia– note seven layers to correspond to seven layers of _______
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heaven
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Describe Indian imagery at Angkor (Hindu, then Buddhist site)
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Many erotic carvings; Some illustrating
material such as the Kama Sutra; Typical of material found on Sivaite temples in South India; Chinese visitors noted local sexual practices with fascination |
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__________ have long spread throughout region as merchant class (akin to Jews in Europe but without so much religious strife)
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Chinese
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In Islamic countries the Chinese provide a way __________________ just as Jews did in pre-Reformation Europe
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around the Islamic laws against usury
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Chinese have been central driving force in success of ___________’s economy
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Singapore
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___________ transformed region after 1500
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European expansions
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Spanish had to cross Pacific from Philippines to Mexico, thence back to Spain because of ____________
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Portuguese sneaked in to ______ (in Spanish territory east of line established by Tordesillas)
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East Timor
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______________ chased Portuguese out, established most extensive colonies in region--much of Indonesian archipelago
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Dutch East India Company
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Dutch chasing spices, especially pepper--another name for Indonesian archipelago is the ___________
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Spice Islands
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Dutch (and later British and French traders) found Spice Islands not on a cash economy. Had to trade goods for spices. Only goods Spice Islanders wanted were ______________, hence all three European countries created East India Companies which developed substantial presences in India to acquire cotton textiles
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Indian cotton textiles
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British took _______________ after Napoleonic Wars (global choke point)
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Straits of Malacca
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British used Burma to grow ________ and reverse terms of trade with China
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opium
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French interest begins mid-1800s--part of _____________. Initially thought Indochinese temples were built by a Lost Tribe of Israel!
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French archeological interests
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Region world’s only source of ______________. Needed to insulate world-wide web of submarine telegraph cables installed by Britain from 1860s on
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gutta-percha
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Region excellent source of __________ once British transferred rubber plants from Amazon basin to Kew Gardens, thence to SE Asia, especially French colonies
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rubber
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_______ (part Dutch, part British) used naturally high octane petroleum reserves of Indonesia to establish themselves as one of world’s main producers. First competitor to Standard Oil of US
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Shell
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______ expanded throughout region in 1940s for all these resources, but rubber and oil in particular for its coming war effort. Japanese named their Empire the Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere and claimed it as a “kinder, gentler” colonial exploiter than the Europeans--it wasn’t
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Japan
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Japan allied with _________ but conquered rest—a fierce resistance movement arose in Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh
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Thailand
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Need for opium, gutta percha, rubber gone--replaced by organic chemistry. Still need oil and control over ____________ for Asia/Europe shipping
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Straits of Malacca
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_________ very wealthy by world standards w/ppp/capita of $60,500, ______________ to lesser extent at $15,800. British effectively removed Communist guerillas in 1960s
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Singapore; Malaysia
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__________ an island city state--some argue this is one of the possible futures of advanced capitalism and that other city states can and will form as (I would say “if”) the nation-state declines. The model is the medieval city state. Hong Kong and New York City would be good examples of cities with this sort of potential. Devolution within Europe (such as that occurring in UK) implies cities such as London could be city states--but get too many economic benefits from being in EU)
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Singapore
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_________ affected by Japanese expansion but less than most. Technically never colonized tho British run. Returned to stable conditions in 1950s & now wealthy by local standards ($9,500 per capita—a slight decline from 2010)
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Thailand
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Rest of region poor. Near continuous war from Japanese colonialism of mid-1930s, French attempts to re-colonize in 40s & 50s, American attempts to replace France (caused by domino theory). Collapse of US power in mid-1970s left a mess: ________ $2,200, _______ $2,700, _______ $3,400. ________ $1,300.
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Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Burma
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_____________ remarkably poor given is US client state ($4,100 per capita), thus many leave to become migrant workers
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Philippines
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_________ (oil nation) very wealthy ($50,000)—highly stable former British Protectorate with well managed oil industry (half of GDP), tourism.
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Brunei
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____________ (oil nation) poor at $4,700.
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Indonesia
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____________ (oil nation), which split off from Indonesia under Australian tutelage has ppp/capita of $8,800.
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Timor Leste
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Very variable life expectancies, tho ________ (82/86) at fully western standards & _______ (74/79 not bad)
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Singapore; Brunei
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____________ high (74/79) considering its ongoing “civil war” and military repression, tho this recently seems to be beginning to end
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Burma/Myanmar
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__________ low life expectancies (61/66) tho recovering—probably an artifact of genocide of Pol Pot era (which was really class war to remove middle and upper classes)
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Cambodia
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Poorer life expectancy in ______ (61/65) than Cambodia harder to account for!
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Laos
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Females outlive males _______ years in all states, even most Islamic ones
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4 to 6
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Tight integration of region to _______
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global economy
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Substantial FDI inflows to (4)
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Thailand, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines
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Huge FDI inflows to _________
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Singapore
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Huge aid to ________ and ____________ (economically & politically unstable, rise of radical Islam)
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Indonesia and E. Timor
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