Cns: Brain

Front 1

vertebral arteries

Back 1

serving the caudal portion of the brain

Front 2

internal carotid arteries

Back 2

serving the rostral portion of the brain

Front 3

cerebral cortex "bark"

Back 3

surrounds the cerebral hemispheres like the bark of a tree, surface is convoluted

Hint 3

under telencephalon (end brain)

Front 4

gray matter

Back 4

consist mostly of glia and cell bodies, dendrites and interconnecting axon of neurons (located outside)

Front 5

white matter

Back 5

consists of millions of axons, large concentration of myelin gives tissue an opaque white appearance (located inside)

Front 6

frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe

Back 6

four lobes of cerebral hemispheres

Front 7

frontal lobe

Back 7

(forehead to top) motor cortex, directs the movement of the body

Front 8

occipital lobe

Back 8

(back) visual cortex, receives segment, and integrates visual information from the eye (i.e color, motion, depth)

Front 9

parietal lobe

Back 9

(top to rear) sensory cortex, processing all the sensory information (i.e touch, pain, temperature)

Front 10

temporal lobe

Back 10

(above ears) auditory cortex, process auditory informations or sounds

Front 11

neocortex "new cortex"

Back 11

covers most of the surface of cerebral hemispheres

Hint 11

hemisphere of the brain

Front 12

cingulate gyrus

Back 12

an important region of the limbic cortex.

- coordinates sensory input with emotions

- emotional responses to pain

- regulates aggressive behavior

Hint 12

hemisphere of the brain

Front 13

limbic cortex

Back 13

located around the edge of the cerebral hemispheres

Hint 13

hemisphere of the brain

Front 14

limbic system

Back 14

set of interconnected structures including several regions of the limbic cortex and a set of interconnected structures surrounding the forebrain.

- governs such basic survival necessities (i.e fear, aggression, hunger, and sexual desire)

- regulates the functioning of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

- mediates all aspect of emotions and motivational functioning such as; the desire for food, feelings of anger, fear, pain, pleasure, and sexual desire

Hint 14

under telencephalon (end brain)

Front 15

corpus callosum

Back 15

the largest commissure across hemisphere connections, connecting the left and the right brain hemispheres

Hint 15

hemisphere of the brain

Front 16

basal ganglia

Back 16

lie beneath the lateral ventricles, involved in the control of movements (i.e standing, walking, coordinated movements)

- inhibit competing movements

Hint 16

under telencephalon (end brain)

Front 17

amygdala (almond)

Back 17

concerned w/ emotional functioning, also plays role in aggression, eating, drinking, and sexual behavior.

- emotions resulting to behaviors (i.e stress eating)

Hint 17

part of the limbic system

Front 18

hippocampus (seahorse)

Back 18

plays an important role in emotion, memory (new long term memory) and learning.

- it's easier to learn when you like it

Hint 18

may emotion, may naalala, emotion ulit

Front 19

telencephalon

Back 19

(end brain) first major subdivision of the forebrain

Front 20

diencephalon

Back 20

(interbrain) second major subdivision of the forebrain, situated between the telencephalon and the mesencephalon surrounding the third ventricle

Front 21

thalamus

Back 21

sort and interpret the sensory and motor impulses before relaying them to the appropriate neurons in the cerebrum

Hint 21

the one who would recognize messages

Front 22

thalamos

Back 22

means inner chamber

Front 23

lateral geniculate nucleus

Back 23

receives information from the eye and sends to the primary visual cortex

Front 24

medial geniculate nucleus

Back 24

receives information from the inner ear and sends to the primary auditory cortex

Front 25

ventrolateral nucleus

Back 25

receives information from the cerebellum and projects to the primary motor cortex

Hint 25

originating from the brain

Front 26

ventral posterolateral nucleus

Back 26

receives information from the somatosensory cortex

- sense of touch (i.e pain)

Front 27

hypothalamus

Back 27

controls the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system, and organizes behavior related to the survival of the species: the four F's (i.e fighting, feeding, fleeing, and mating)

- regulates body temperature, heart rate and arterial blood pressure

- plays a part in emotional and sexual responses

Hint 27

lies at the base of the brain under the thalamus

Front 28

mesencephalon

Back 28

first subdivision of the midbrain, surrounds the cerebral aqueduct

Front 29

tectum (roof)

Back 29

located at the dorsal portion of the mesencephalon

Front 30

superior colliculi

Back 30

part of the visual system

- controlling visual reflexes such as pupil constriction and blinking

Hint 30

up

Front 31

inferior colliculi

Back 31

part of the auditory system

- controlling certain auditory reflexes

- receives auditory fibers and projects and projects to the thalamus

- awareness of the sound

Hint 31

down

Front 32

tegmentum (covering)

Back 32

portion of the mesencephalon beneath the tectum

Front 33

reticular formation

Back 33

receives sensory information and projects to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and spinal cord.

- plays a role in sleep and arousal, attention, muscle tonus, movement and various vital reflex

Front 34

periaqueductal gray matter

Back 34

controls sequences of movements that constitutes species' typical behavior (i.e fighting, mating)

- you will know how to fight for yourself, for survival (kahit hindi ka marunong)

Front 35

red nucleus

Back 35

one of the two major fiber systems that bring motor information from the brain to the spinal cord

- reflexes (to protect ourselves)

Hint 35

important components of the motor system

Front 36

substantia nigra

Back 36

contains dopamine secreting neurons that project to the caudate nucleus

- degeneration of these neurons causes parkinson's disease

Hint 36

important components of the motor system

Front 37

ventral tegmental area

Back 37

is a group of dopaminergic cells that are origin of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway that is highly significant in reward and sensations of pleasure. it also includes GABA and glutamate neurons. it is also connected with the amygdala and may be connected with fear and avoidance

Hint 37

important components of the motor system

Front 38

forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain (behind brain)

Back 38

divisions of the brain

Front 39

telencephalon (end brain), and diencephalon (interbrain)

Back 39

subdivisions of the forebrain

Front 40

mesencephalon

Back 40

subdivision of the midbrain

Front 41

metencephalon, and myelencephalon (marrow brain)

Back 41

subdivisions of the hindbrain (behind brain)

Front 42

cerebellum (little brain)

Back 42

- resembles a miniature version of the cerebrum

- receives visual, auditory, vestibular, and somatosensory information

- receives information about individual mascular movement being directed by the brain

- helps the body to learn movements that require practice and learning

Hint 42

under metencephalon

Front 43

cerebellar peduncles (little feet)

Back 43

bundles of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the pons

Front 44

pons (bridge)

Back 44

a large bulge in the brain stem, lies between the mesencephalon and medulla oblongata, immediately ventral to the cerebellum

- contains a portion of the reticular formation that appear to be important in sleep and arousal

- function as bridge to interconnect messages between spinal cord and brain

Hint 44

under metencephalon

Front 45

medulla oblongata (oblong marrow)

Back 45

the most caudal portion of the brain stem, lower border in the rostral end of the spinal cord

- controls vital functions such as regulation of cardiovascular system, respiration, and skeletal muscle tonus

Hint 45

under myelencephalon