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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Linguistic Competence
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What we know we know about a language.
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Language
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Abstract cognitive system that uniquely allows humans to produce and comprehend meaningful utterances
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Linguistic Performance
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The observable use of language
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Performance Error
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Errors in language production or comprehension, including hesitations and slips of the tongue
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Communication Chain
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The process through which information is communicated, consisting of an information source, transmitter, signal, receiver, and destination.
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Noise
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Interference in the communication chain
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Phonetics
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The study of the minimal units of language (e.g. the sounds of spoken language)
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Phonology
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The study of the sound system of a language
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Morphology
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The study of how words are constructed out of morphemes.
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Syntax
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How words combine to form phrases and sentences
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Semantics
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The study of linguistic meaning
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Pragmatics
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The study of how context affects language use
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Lexicon
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Collection of all the words you know
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Mental Grammar
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The knowledge someone has of their language's rules and units
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Grammar
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A system of linguistic elements and rules
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Descriptive Grammar
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Grammar knowledge based on mental knowledge rather than specific rules
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Writing
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Representation of language in a physical medium different from sound
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Prescriptive Grammar
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The notion of socially accepted or "correct" ways of speaking or writing
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Design Features (of Language)
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Developed by Charles Hockett. Nine Descriptive Characteristics of Language.
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Mode of Communication
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Means through which a message is transmitted for any given communication system
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Semanticity
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Property of having signals that convey a meaning, shared by all communication systems
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Pragmatic Function
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Communication system must serve some sort of useful function
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Interchangeability
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Ability of individuals to both transmit and receive messages
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Cultural Transmission
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Some aspects of communication are learned through interaction with other users of the system
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Linguistic Sign
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Combination of Form and Meaning
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Arbitrary
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In a language, a word's meaning is not predictable from its linguistic form
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Nonarbitrariness
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Direct correspondence between the physical properties of a form and the meaning that the form refers to
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Symbolism
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Certain sounds occur in words to evoke a certain meaning
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Discreteness
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The property of communication systems by which complex messages may be built up out of smaller parts
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Displacement
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The ability of a language to communicate about things that aren't there or were in the past or are in the future
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Productivity
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Language's capacity for novel messages to be built up out of discrete units
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