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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neuralation: Formation of the neural tube |
Starts @ day 22 - around 4 occipital somites Proceeds in both directions Tube closes as neural plate is still expanding -》 Neural canal |
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Neuropore |
Openings @ each end of Neural tube Cranial closes @ day 24 - bidirectional like - closing a bag of cheese middle to edges Caudal closes @ day 26 - cranio- caudal - like using a zip |
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Neural crest cells |
@ margin of neuroectoderm and ectoderm Detached from lateral margin of the neural folds Present from midbrain to end of spinal neural tube Neuralgia Components of eye |
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Neurocristopathies |
Waardenburg Syndrome - pigmentation issues - sapphire eyes Hirshbrung disease DiGeorge syndrome Neurofibromatosis type 1 - Myelination of peripheral nerves - Prolifeeate schwann cells - Tumours |
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Neuralation gone wrong |
Neural tube defects Total dysraphism or craniorachischis - total failure to close - Tube fused to surface Localised Dysraphism - partial failure to close - part of neural tube fused to surface E.g. cranially - Meroencepholy/ acrania - Lumbo-sacral Myeloschisis or Spina bifida Aperta (split spinal cord) Encephalocele Formation of a skin covered protrusion at brain level Spina bifida occulta Usually single vertebral arch affected Tuft of hair marks it or mark on surface., usually @ lumbosacral level Spina bifida cystic Formation of fluid filled protrusion or cele - Meningocele - - Dura matter and arachnoid protrude. - - spinal cord remains in vertebrae canal - Meningomyelocele - - Dura matter and arachnoid protrude - - Spinal cord protrudes - - severe impairment of development of spinal cord and nerves - - can disruption csf flow , causing hydrocephaly |
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Total Dysraphism |
Total dysraphism or craniorachischis - total failure to close - Tube fused to surface |
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Localised Dysraphism |
Localised Dysraphism - partial failure to close - part of neural tube fused to surfaceE.g. cranially - Meroencepholy/ acrania - Lumbo-sacral Myeloschisis or Spina bifida Aperta (split spinal cord) |
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Spina bifida occulta |
Spina bifida occulta Usually single vertebral arch affected Tuft of hair marks it or mark on surface. , usually @ lumbosacral level
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Encephalocele |
Encephalocele Formation of a skin covered protrusion at brain level
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Spina bifida cystica |
Spina bifida cysticFormation of fluid filled protrusion or cele - Meningocele - - Dura matter and arachnoid protrude. - - spinal cord remains in vertebrae canal - Meningomyelocele - - Dura matter and arachnoid protrude - - Spinal cord protrudes - - severe impairment of development of spinal cord and nerves - - can disruption csf flow , causing hydrocephaly |
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Hydrocephaly |
Build up of CSF in the ventricles of the brain |
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Primary brain Vesicles |
Prosoncephalon - forebrain Mesecephalon - midbrain Rhombencephalon - hindbrain |
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Mesencephalic flexure |
90° bend dividing Prosoncephalon and mesencephalon |
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Development of CNS gone wrong |
Cerebellar malformations Hypoplasia - underdevelopment Dysplasia - abnormal development Heterotopia - cells migrating to wrong place - Environmental - Genetic Cerebral cortical malformations Lissencephaly - anomolies in neuronal migration 3-4 mths - smooth brain Subcortical band heteropia Microcephaly - small head |
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Sensiry part if CNS is derived from |
Neural Crest Cells |
