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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
six common factors across therapies |
1. therapeutic relationship 2. instillation of hope 3. new learning experiences 4. emotional arousal 5. enhancement of mastery or self-efficacy 6. opportunities for practice |
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three phases of psychotherapeutic recovery process |
1. clients change rapidly in terms of feeling subjectively better 2. (slower) remediation of symptoms 3. (slowest) rehabilitation of maladaptive behaviors |
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problematic aspects of helping |
1. can provide just enough relief to enable people to stay in maladaptive relationships (e.g. domestic violence) 2. can create dependency if clients rely too much on helper for support and feel unable to change lives without helper 3. helpers personal issues sometimes place them at risk for encouraging dependency in those they assist 4. helpers impose personal or societal values on their clients 5. when helpers work outside their areas of competence (e.g. substance abuse) |
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when do people seek help? |
1. person must become aware they are in pain and perceive as problematic 2. pain must be greater than perceived barriers to seeking help |
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three components to successful helping |
1. helping skills 2. facilitative conditions 3. self-awareness |
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3-stage model |
1. exploration (client-centered) 2. insight (psychoanalytic) 3. action (behavioral) |
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exploration stage |
attend nonverbally encourage clients to explore thoughts & feelings listen without assumptions |
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insight stage |
foster awareness facilitate insight work on therapeutic relationship |
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action stage |
explore the idea of changing and then implement action plans |
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facilitative conditions |
empathy compassion collaboration |
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empathy |
understanding client at a cognitive level (thoughts and expressions) and affective level (feelings) genuinely caring non judgement |
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compassion |
feeling aware of and open to suffering without judgement goes beyond empathy by allowing self to feel clients pain and suffering and desire to relieve it loving kidness |
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collaboration |
guide or coach clients in working through problems |
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five stages of change |
1. pre contemplation stage 2. contemplation stage 3. preparation stage 4. action stage 5. maintenance stage |
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pre contemplation stage |
client unaware of the need to change or no desire to change lack information about their problem engage in denial and blame others for problem |
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contemplation stage |
client aware of and accept responsibility for problems beginning to think about changing but not yet actively decided to change fear of failure often keeps client stuck in this stage ponder what it would be like to change |
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preparation stage |
client has made commitment to change and are preparing to begin the process |
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action stage |
client actively begins to modify behavior and surroundings commitment and preparation accomplished in previous stages crucial for success in this stage |
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maintenance stage |
client has changed and trying to consolidate changes and deal with lapses often return to earlier stages in the process |
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therapeutic relationship |
the feelings and attitudes that counseling participants have toward one another, and the manner in which those are expressed major predictor for outcome of therapy |
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three parts of therapeutic relationship |
1. real relationship 2. working (therapeutic) alliance 3. transference and countertransference |
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real relationship |
the genuine connection between helper and client similar to relationships in everyday life |
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working (therapeutic) alliance |
focused on the therapeutic work consists of bond (i.e. connection), agreement on goals, and agreement on tasks |
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transference and countertransference |
involve distortions based on experiences in previous significant relationships transference = client distortions of helper countertransference = helper distortions of client |
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factors influencing client reactions to interventions |
1. clients needs at the time 2. moderated by the therapeutic relationship 3. impressions of the helper's intentions |
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three area of outcomes |
1. remoralization: enhancement of well-being 2. remediation: symptomatic relief 3. rehabilitation: reduction of maladaptive behaviors |
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ethics |
principles and standards that ensure that professionals provide quality services and are respectful of the rights of the people with whom they work |
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six basic ethical principles |
1. autonomy 2. beneficence 3. nonmaleficence 4. justice 5. fidelity 6. veracity |
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autonomy |
the right to make choices and take actions provided the results do not adversely affect others |
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beneficence |
the intent to do good by helping and promoting growth in others |
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nonmaleficence |
do no harm |
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justice |
fairness or ensuring equality of opportunities and resources for all people |
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fidelity |
keeping promises and being trustworthy |
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veracity |
telling the truth |
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ABCDE strategy for ethical decision making |
Assessment Benefit Consequences and Consultation Duty and Documentation Education |
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assessment |
helper identifies the situation; client's status/resources, helper's values and reaction to the situation |
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benefit |
helper evaluates what is most likely to benefit the client, the helping relationship, and the client's significant others |
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consequences and consultation |
what could result from possible actions consult supervisor |
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duty and documentation |
helper considers to whom a duty exists keeping records of what happens (can be subpoenaed) |
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education |
review what you have learned about appropriate actions to take in dealing with ethical dilemmas |