Counseling Skills

Front 1

A counselor response that restates the content of the clients previous statement. Focuses on the words the client is speaking.

Purpose:

1. It communicate to that client that the counselor understands or is trying to understand what he or she is saying. Paraphrasing can just be a good indicator of accurate verbal following.

2. It sharpens a clients meaning to have his or her words rephrase more concisely and often leads the client to expand his or her discussion of the same subject.

3. It often clarifies confusing content for both a counselor and the client. Even when paraphrasing is not accurate, it is useful because it encourages the client to clarify his or her remarks.

4. It can spotlight an issue by stating it more succinctly, thus offering direction for the client subsequent remarks.

5. It enables the counselor to verify his or her perceptions of the verbal content of client statements.

Components: Determining the basic message and rephrasing.

1. The counselor uses his/ her judgment to determine the basic message that is being expressed in the clients verbal content.

2. After the counselor determines the basic message to be responded to he/she attempts to give this content back to the client in a more precise Way by rephrasing it

Summary:

To paraphrase is to determine the basic message in the client's cognitive statement and concisely rephrase it. The concert determines and rephrases the basic message of the verbal content using similar, but fewer words.

Back 1

Paraphrasing

Front 2

In counseling, we must communicate with the client not only on the factual, or cognitive level ( meaning events, people, things) but also in the affective level ( meaning feelings about events, people, and things).

1 Our primary focus here is on helping the client to become aware of, identify, and express his or her feelings.

2. An important concept to understand with regard to reflection of feeling is EMPATHY, which has been identified as one of the essential conditions in counseling

3. Counselor manifest empathy through his or her ability to perceive what is happening in regard to the client's feelings and to communicate the perception of the client.

The purpose:

1. It conveys to the client that the counselor understands or is trying to understand what the client is experiencing and feeling. This empathy for the client usually reinforces the client's willingness to express feedings to the counselor.

2. It clarifies the client's feelings and attitudes by mirroring them in a non-judgmental way.

3. It brings to the surface feelings of the client that may have been expressed only vaguely.

4. It gives the client the opportunity to recognize and accept his or her feelings as part of himself or herself. Sometimes the client May refer to it or them as a source of a problem, when he or she really means "I was feeling angry".

5. Can verifies the counselors perceptions of what the client is feeling. That is, it allows the counselor to check out with the client whether or not he or she is accurately reflecting what the client is experiencing.

6. It can bring out problem areas without the client feeding pushed.

7. It helps the client infer that feelings or causes of behavior.

The reflection of feeling skill consists of two components identification and formulation.

1. The counselor must first identify the basic feeling being expressed verbally or nonverbally by the client.

2. The second component of an effective reflection of feeling response is to formulate a response that captures the essence of the feeding expressed by the client.

Examples:

It seems that you feel

Are you saying that you feel

You seem to feel.

Summary: reflection of feeling involves identifying the essence of the feeling of the client is expressing and formulating a response that indicates that the the counselor understands. Usually the counselor offers fresh words that capture the basic purple or nonverbal feeding method of the client

Back 2

Reflection of Feeling

Front 3

1. It's the tying together by the counselor of main points discussed in a counseling session.

2. Focus on both feeling and content and is appropriate after a discussion of a particular topic within the session or as a review at the end of the session of principal issues discussed.

3. The counselor seeks to determine the basic meanings of being expressed in content of feelings and give these meanings back to the client and fresh words.

4. In summarizing feelings, the counselor reviews numerous feelings expressed or displayed over a longer period of time.

Purposes of summarizing:

1. It can ensure continuity in the direction of the session by providing a focus.

2. It can clarify a client's meaning by having his or her scattered thoughts and feelings pulled together.

3. It often encourages the client to explore an issue further once a central theme has been identified

4. The communicates to the client that the counselor understands or is trying to understand what the client is saying and feeling.

5. It enables the counselor to verify his or her perceptions of the content and feelings discussed or displayed by the client during the session. the counselor can check out whether he or she accurately attended and responded without changing the meanings expressed.

6. It came close discussion on a given topic, dust clearing the way for a new topic.

7. It provides a sense of movement and progress to the client by drawing several of his or her thoughts and feelings into a common theme.

8. It can terminate a session in a logical way through review of the major issues discussed in the entire session.

Components of summarizing: selection and tying together

1. The counselor uses his or her judgment to select the key points discussed as a counselor picks out the highlights of content and feelings general things usually begin to emerge.

2. After selecting the principal points discussed or display the counselor attempts to tie together these points and to feed them back to the client in a more concise way.

Examples:

To a divorced woman exploring problems that she is having with a teenage son who is drinking heavily:

As I understand what you have been saying during the past few minutes, you seem to be struggling with three possible ways to handle the situation: you might ask his father to help you deal with the boy or you might stop discussing their problem with your son and punish him by taking away his privileges.

At the end of a session with a male client:

Let's take a look at what we have covered in today's session. It sounds like you have felt inadequate and dealing with several areas of your life your family, your job, and now you're drinking.

Summary:

To summarize is to select the key points or basic meanings from the plans verbal content and feelings and succinctly tie them together. The summarization should accurately reflect the essence of the client statement and feelings and should not include the assumptions of the counselor. Summer writing thing then is a review of the main points already discussed in the session to ensure continuity in a focus direction.

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Summarizing

Front 4

A counselor's use of a question or statement to direct the client's attention inward to explore his or her situation in more depth. A probing question sometimes called an 'open-ended question' requires more than a one word (yes or no) answer from the client.

When phrased as a statement, the probe contains a strong element of direction by The counselor for example, "Tell me more about the relationship with your parents," or "suppose we to explore a little more of your ideas about what an alcoholic is."

The purpose :

1. It can help Focus the client's attention on the feeding or content area.

2. It may help the counselor better understand what the client is describing by giving him or her more information about the client's situation.

3. It may encourage the client to elaborate clarify or illustrate what he or she has been saying.

4. It's sometimes enhances the clients awareness and understanding of his or her situation or feelings.

5. It directs the client's attention to areas of client thinks needs attention.

Components: Identification and Open-ended phrasing.

1. The counselor uses his or her judgment to identify a subject or feelings area touch on by the client that needs further exploration.

The counselor decides what areas might need further attention.

2. After identifying the area that needs to be explored further, the counselor attempts to phrase an open-ended question or statement to help include such words as what, where, when, or how.

For example "When do you feel that way" " Where does that occur for you"

Summary:

Probing is the use of a counselor question or statement to direct the client's attention inward to explore his or her situation in depth. The counselor identifies an area which seems to need exploration and then openly phrases a response. Used effectively, probing should help out the client and counselor to better understand the client situation.

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Probing

Front 5

It requires knowledge of principle to guide the appropriate timing and content of the self-disclosure.

1. The counselors disclosure should relate directly to the client situation: this principal pertains primarily to disclosures about the counselors past experiences. To help decide whether an experience is relevant to the client situation, the counselor May first use paraphrasing, reflection of feeling, summarizing, and probing responsive responses to ensure that he / she does understand the client's situation.

2. The counselor should disclose only experiences that have actually happened to him or her: using a personal pronoun such as i, me, my, or myself in a self-disclosure can give a clear message to the client that the counselor is telling about an experience that happened to him/her and it's not merely relating the hearsay experience of a third party.

3. The counselor has the option of revealing information about himself / herself on various levels of intimacy: the counselor could reveal information that is in the open area of the johari window. If the counseling release relationship has produced a deep level of mutual trust, empathy empathy, and genuine as, the counselor might reveal to the client and aspect of himself / herself that few others know. The guiding principle as to what level of information to reveal lies and the answer to two questions: well it benefit the client, and will the counselor feel comfortable in revealing that information?

Summary:

Self-disclosure involves the counselors sharing his / her own feelings, attitude, opinions, and experiences with a client for the benefit of the client. The self-disclosure of the counselor might be revealing a present feeling or relating a relevant past experience. About timing and appropriate mass of content are Central to effective self-disclosure. use appropriately counselor self-disclosure should increase the level of trust, genuine is, and empathy in the counseling relationship and reduce the client's feelings of being unique and his/her problems are difficulties.

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Self-disclosure

Front 6

The deliberate use of a question or statement by the counselor to induce the client to face with the counselor thinks the client is avoiding. The clients avoidance is usually revealed by a discrepancy or contradiction in his/her statements and behavior. The counselor frequently identify contradiction that are outside the client's frame of reference, whereas paraphrasing, reflection of feeling and summarizing involved responding within the client's frame of reference. In using confrontation, the counselor gives honest feedback about what he / she receives is actually happening with a client confrontation should not include accusations, evaluations, or solutions to problems.

Purpose:

1. It helps the clients become more congruent (what he / she says corresponds with how he /she behaves) when the client sees how he/she is being perceived by The counselor.

2. Establishes a counselor as a role model and using direct, honest, and open communication.

3. It tends to focus on problems about which the client might take action or change his/her behavior.

4. It often breaks down the defenses of the client which he/she has consciously are unconsciously put up.

5. Delivered on it tends to enrich the condition of empathy in the counseling relationship when the client proceeds a confrontation as being done by a concerned counselor.

6. It encourages the client to acknowledge his / her feelings and behavior by bringing to the surface those he or she has denied. Once the client has accepted ownership of these feelings and behavior, he / she is more likely to accept responsibility for them.

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Confrontation

Front 7

It is fundamental to the use of all other counseling skills.

And flies a concerned by The counselor with all aspects of the client's communication. It includes listening to the verbal content hearing and observing the purple and nonverbal cues to the feeding set a company that communication, and then communicating back to the client the fact that the counselor is paying attention.

Purpose:

1. It encourages the client to continue expressing his/her ideas and feelings freely.

2. It allows a client to explore ideas and feelings and his/her own way and thus provides a client with an opportunity to direct the session.

3. It can give the client a sense of responsibility for what happens in the session by enabling him/her to direct the session.

4. It helps the client relax and be comfortable in the counseling session.

5. The contributes to the client's trust of a counselor and sense of security.

6. It enables the counselor to draw more accurate inferences about the client.

Components:

1. Listening effectively and observing carefully. Counseling occurs in a face-to-face situation where both participants watch, as far as listen to, each other.

. The counselor learns much about the feelings of the client through observation. Many of the skills, attitudes, and feelings of the counselor are conveyed to the client through nonverbal behavior such as facial expressions, posture, eye contact, and gestures. The first component of attending occurs when the cancer stays attuned to what the client is expressing verbally and nonverbally.

2. The second component of attending behavior is letting the client know that he / she is really being heard. The counselor communicates his or her attentiveness to the client generally through three methods:

A. Eye contact

B. Posture

C. Accurate verbal following: the counselor communicates to the client by verbal responses that listening and observing are occurring.

Summary: and attending, the counters go citizen effectively, to observe the client, and to communicate his/her interest and attentiveness through direct eye contact, relax body posture, and accurate verbal following.

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Attending

Front 8

Interpreting basic components consists of __________________________ and ___________________.

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Determining the basic message and restating them.

Front 9

The importance of identifying and responding to feelings have been stressed throughout this program. Although our Focus has been on the feelings of the client, the feelings of the counselor are just as important. The counselor should be aware of his or her feigns during the counseling session, and this awareness should lead to congruency between the counselors verbal and nonverbal behavior.

Showing honest and open involvement with the client by being congruent is one way the counter can be genuine. When the counselor provides a model of genuineness, the client is more likely to perceive that being genuine is acceptable and necessary in counseling. It may also establish a pattern that the client May apply to his other social interactions. For the counselor to be genuine and congruent in counseling, he or she must be aware not only of feelings, but also of aspects of himself / herself that others may see.

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Counselor Self disclosure

Front 10

A technique used by the counselor to present the client with alternative ways of looking at his/her situation. For example, the counselor might use a different perspective to explain events to a client so that he/she might be able to see the problem in a new light and perhaps generate his/her own fresh ways of looking at it.

Purpose:

1. It helps the client realize that there is more than one way to look at most situations, problems, and solutions.

2. It offers the client a role model of the counselor seeking alternative ways of viewing events in life.

3. It can teach the client how to use self- interpretation to explore new points of view.

4. It can help the client understand his/her problems more clearly .

5. It often generates new and distinctive solutions to problems.

6. It may prompt the client to act more effectively when he/she sees other solutions to problems.

7. It often enables the client to gain a better understanding of his/her underlying feelings and how these might relate to verbal messages he/she has expressed.

Components:

1. Determining and restating back messages- the counselor probably will have some ideas or hunches about alternative ways viewing the client's situation, or may begin to see connections, relationships, or patterns in the events the client describes. When these ideas are included in the material being reinstated to the client, the counselor is adding his/her ideas to offer the client a new frame of reference from which to view his/her situation.

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Interpreting

Front 11

Demonstration of the counselors concern for and interest in the client by eye contact, body posture, and accurate verbal following.

Back 11

Attending

Front 12

_________________________ is classified as a listening skill.

Back 12

Attending

Front 13

Is the verbal or nonverbal response that the counselor makes as a result of processing the information received from listening to the client

Back 13

Feedback

Front 14

Paraphrasing, reflection of feeling and summarizing are examples of

Back 14

Feedback skills that demonstrate to the client that the counselor is paying attention to what the client is expressing verbally and non verbally.

Front 15

Promote a mutual identification and understanding of the client's problems and ways to deal with those problems.

Back 15

Probing, counselor self-disclosure, interpreting and confrontation

Front 16

Paraphrasing has two components of _____________________ and _______________________.

Back 16

Determine the basic message and rephrasing.

Front 17

An important concept to understand with regard to Reflection of Feeling is _______________, which is identified as one of the essential conditions in counseling.

Back 17

Empathy.

Front 18

The reflection of feeling skill consists of two components: _________________ and _________________ a response.

Back 18

Identification and formulation