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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ombrios |
Zeus as "Bringer of Rain" |
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Moirae |
Fates, daughter of Night alone or Zeus and Themis |
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Daughters of Zeus and Themis |
Eunomia (Lawfulness)Dike (Justice)Eirene (Peace)
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Story of Zeus and Ganymede |
Kidnaps him as a youth to serve as a cupbearer for mount Olympus |
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Zeus and Ganymede |
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Temple of Zeus |
At Olympia Huge cult statue of him sitting on a throne Was also depicted on coinage |
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Olympic Games |
Administered by the city of Elis
In honour of Zeus First Olympics 776 BCE Every 4 years for 5 days in summer The athletes admitted were divided into age-categories No musical contests The prize for the winners was an olive crown |
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Hera Epithet |
Ox or Cow Eyed |
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Eileithyia
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Daughter of Hera |
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Hera Trapped on the Throne |
Hephestus mad Hera rejected him as a babe Sent throne to Olympus as a gift to trap her Dionyses got him drunk and freed her |
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Return of Hephestus to Olympus to free Hera Has his hammer and tongs Dionyses is there too with his wine |
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Isthmian Games |
In honour of Poseidon From 582 BCE every 2 years in spring at the 1st and 3rd year of the Olympiad There were also musical contests. The prize was originally a crownof pine branches, in the fifth century BCE,replaced by a crown of dry celery. |
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Poseidon and Amphitrite
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She was a sea goddess and wife of Poseidon |
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Poseidon and Amphitrite in procession Halos |
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Triton |
Son of Poseidon and Amphitrite |
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Hades Cap |
Hat that makes the wearer invisible Most famous in the story of Perseus after he beheads Medusa |
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Hestia |
Virgin Goddess Architecture, hearth, domesticity, family |
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Vestal Virgins |
They were 6Chosen before theonset of the puberty They lived for 30years in celibacytending the sacred fireof the round temple ofVesta in the Forum in Rome Were released theday of their 40thbirthday |
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Athena Nickname |
"Owl Eyed" |
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Arachne |
a Lydian girl, was turned into a spider by Athene |
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The Pythia |
Any priestess at Apollo's temple at Delphi Pythia chewed lorrel leaves or gaseous vapors (ethylene) from the spring in Apollo's temple |
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Phoebus |
Another name for Apollo meaning "The Radiant" |
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Asclepius |
Son of Apollo, first physician Raised by Chiron Killed by Zeus Main sanctuary of was at Epidauros The main part was called Abaton and people slept over and got dreams about their healing or were healed over night |
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Artemis |
Sister of Apollo Virgin Goddess Fierce warrior Goddess of wild animals |
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Hermes |
Winged feet Travellers hat Inventor of musical instruments (panpipe, lyre) |
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Maia |
Mother to Hermes |
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Psychopompos
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Also served as a guide for souls around the underworld |
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Hermes and Argus Panoptes
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Hundred-eyed giant He was supposed to guide the white cow (Io) Zeus had him killed by Hermes |
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Zeus, Hera, Io as a cow, Argus Panoptes, Hermes |
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Hephaestia |
Festival held in Athens in honor of Hephaestusand Athene by 420 BCE every 5 years
A torch race and an elaborate sacrifice werefeatured. |
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Aphrodite and Anchises |
Human lover Lovers even though she was married to Hephestus She cheats on him all the time Son is Aeneas, Trojan Hero |
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Aphrodite and Pan |
Doesnt want his attention but is pleased by it |
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Aphroditeof Knidos
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First time she is depitcted naked |
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Aphrodite and Adonis |
Another one of her lovers They gave their child to Persephone in the underworld |
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Children of Ares and Aphrodite |
Children of thedivine couple arealso Harmonia,Phobos (Panic)and Deimos(Fear), and sometimes Cupid (Eros) |
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Ares |
God of war Romans think he is father of Romulus Very powerful but without the skill or intelligence of Athena |
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Dionyses, vine, satyr, cantharus God of Wine and Frenzy |
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Pan |
He had the head of a goat and hooves Frequently represented with an erected fallus Changes in depiction over the centuries |
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Oracle |
the place where the god’s words are spoken the god’s words the person who conveysand interprets the god’s words |
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Pytho |
former name for oracle, means "I rot" |
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Temples at Delphi |
Dedicated to Apollo Temple included a theatre for theatrical performances Celebrated maxims "Know yourself" and "nothing is excess" |
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The Word Delphi |
The word Dephi comes from the word Womb (Delphys) Thought to be center of the world |
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Apollo and Artemis pouring a libation on the omphalos at Delphi Apollo assositated with the kitharta which was a lyre type instrument |
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Delphi as Refuge |
Delphi was a place of refuge For example, Orestesseeking refuge from the Erinyes |
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Castalia Spring |
Worshippers at Delphi first had to go to the Castalia spring and wash themselves in this spring to be pure and enter the temple area |
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Croesusand the Persians
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Advisedby the oracle that Persia was going to lose the war but then they won, Apollosaved him from death
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Apollo |
Generally represented with his bow No beard Began to be worshipped during the dark age His main characteristics were already set by the archaic Age
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Apella |
Apollo is sometimes referred to in Doria (dialect in Greece) as Apella which means an annual gathering of males where youth entered a social group This is important because Apollo is always represented as young |
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Power of Apollo |
His power changes From chthonic powerto the power of anOlympian god From the power of afemale deity to a male one |
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Pythian Games |
In honour of Apollo at Delphi tocommemorate Python’s defeat. Since 586 BCE every 4 years for 5 days insummer at the 3rd year of each Olympiad. The musical contests were more importantthan the athletic ones. Originally the winners received a laurelcrown as prize, but later apples. |
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Paian or Paion |
God of healing associated with Apollo Apollo's cult hymn was introduced to Sparta from Crete is called Paian |
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Delphi and Purity |
Delphi was where people went to get purified For example for murder Orestes was a crazy murder who did this |
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The Stepterion |
Celebrated every 8 years. A boy reenacted the slaying of the Python and wastemporarily banished to Tempe. The rite took place on the halos (threshing floor); theboy had to shoot an arrow towards a hut, where therewas the serpent. After being purified in Tempe the boy returnedcarrying a laurel branch Sexual relationship involved between tutor and boy but family had to be aware |
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Cyparissus |
One of the loves of Apollo Young boy Apollo represented by a Stag When stag killed he cried so much he turned into a Cyprus |
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Hyacinthus |
Also a young boy They did a lot of sports such as discus Apollo and him were training together and he got hit and died by Apollo's discus His blood turned into a flower (rep between his white skin and red blood) Hyacinthus was also loved by Zephyrus (the west wind) |
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Daphne |
Lover of Apollo He chased her but she wanted to stay a virgin She prayed to Zeus and he turned her into a Laurel plant |
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Apollo and Coronis |
Lovers, she is pregnant with Asclepius She falls in love with another when he is away Gets his sister Artemis to kill her Child is saved |
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Dionyses with catharus, panther, staff of fennel |
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Apollo's absence from Delphi |
Flew on a tripod He went away during the winter (3 months) When he was away the sanctuary in Delphi was under the control of Dionysus Therefore no poems were recited or no oracles during the winter |
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Apollovs. Dionysus
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Both represent the principles of ecstasy and interest in a cause Both are connected to artistic creativity and musical instruments Apollo - lyre, cithara, and paean Dionysus - Barbiton, tambourine, and dithyramb |
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Dionyses Name |
Either means Son of Zeus or Zeus of Nysa |
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EuripidesBacchae |
When Dionysus went back to Thebes the king is against him and wants to make him not welcome there
Dionysus wants to punish him for this treatment and made his mother mad, and they tear his son apart as if he was an animal |
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Maenad |
immortal female followers of Dionysus, the god of ritual madness and ecstasy. |
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Ino, wife of Athamas,and the infant Dionysus Satyr and Vines Nature in full vigor assosicated with him |
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Ampelus |
Vine Close relationship with Dionyses |
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Cybele |
An oriental Goddess
This cult is characterized by frenzy Dionyses helped spread this cult |
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Icarus |
When Dionysus travelled and people were kind to him they received a reward
This is the case with Icarius and he taught him how to grow and make wine He was the first person to make wine and gave it to some shepherds who got drunk They thought they were poisoned and they killed Icarius His daughter saw what happened and she hung herself |
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Psykter |
Wine Cooler |
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Silens |
Older Satyrs with white beard and hair and their bodies are covers in fluffy hair |
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Ariadne |
Wife of Dionyses Daughter of King Minos According to myth Theseus abandoned Ariadne on the island of Dia (Naxos) while she was sleeping Dionysus asked Zeus for her and he have consent |
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Anthesteria
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Flower festival of Dionysus 3 days Nature and wine involved On the second day called Khoes there sacred marriage of Dionysus and Ariadne was re-enacted |
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Phallophoria
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Phallic procession
Happened during the City Dionysia |
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Villa of Mysteries |
Frescos of Dionyses
Female goddess on the fresco is his wife Arianna Whip - winged figure with a whip of unknown reason Woman who is about to uncover the sacred genitals of the Gods On another wall there is preparations of the wedding, passage of status for women Naked boy - reading the rituals Naked women dancing in the frenzy of the cult |
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Hypnos and Thanatos |
Sleep and Death Death was just seen as like a very deep sleep |
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Hypnos, Hermes Psycopompos, Thanatos and Sarpedon
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Odyssus |
One of the heroes who went to the underworld was Odysseus
Met by the ghost of a friend Elpenor who had not been buried under the earth His soul will wander until his burial is completed When Odyssus meets the souls in the underworld some ask what is going on on earth with their relatives One of the people asking is Achilles about his son Odyssus says that Neoptolemus is doing well and this makes Achilles :) Theme of survival through descendants Achilles was happy he went off into a meadow full of asphodel which is a flower |
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Rhadamanthus, Minos, and Aeacus
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Judges of the Underworld |
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Tantalus |
Tookambrosia from the gods and gave it to the immortals and he was punished byhaving good things close to him he could not get |
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Sisyphus |
Rollinga rock up a hill just for it to roll back down |
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Ixion |
Tried to rape Hera
Hera punished him by fastening him to a wheel forever |
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Hera condemning Ixion Hera, Ares, Ixion, Hermes, Athena |
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Herakles Descent |
Herakles are guided by Athene and Hermes Was to capture the two headed dog using only his hands |
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Descent of Theseus and Pirithous
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Going to the underworld to perform a crime so they both are punished (friends) Herakles does free both of them |
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Orpheus |
Singer who was charming and skilled When he played his lyre and was singing all nature was attracted to him Orpheus and Eurydice wanted to rape her but a snake bit her He went into the underworld to get her but Hermes prevented him from doing so Thracian woman killing Orpheus revealed by her tattoos They dismembered his body and his head travelled to the island of Lemnos to the oracles |
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Thracian woman killing Orpheus |
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Orphism |
Started a mystery religion with initiates which was wide spread in the Greek world The initiates are found on the orphic golden tablets which were given to the deceased or golden leaves with text on them The text is interesting and they reveal a lot about the underworld |
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Pythagorasof Samos |
All things were numbers and relationships between by things which were all possible to explain throuhg numbers and stuff Metempsychosis - transfer of souls from one body to another after death
Combo of local religion and Orphism |
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Empedocles of Akragos |
Influenced by Pythagoras He thought he was someone else is previous lives such as woman and a fish |
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Plato |
Myth of Er found in his Republic
This myth is about a warrior who was killed in battle And on the 12th day when he was on his funeral pyre he woke up and found him in the underworld and he recounts what he saw People may be directed to heaven or hell or something, spent periods in both? This explains the judges giving punishments or rewards |
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Virgil's Aenead |
Aeneid means body/ soul Souls are cleansed before going back to earth in new bodies Different view of the underworld |
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Perseus Heroic Quest |
King of Argos - Acrisius He was told his grandson would kill him In order to prevent that he hid his daughter in an underground chamber to prevent her from having a relationship However Zeus turned himself into a golden shower and knocked her (Danae) up Perseus was born but Acrisius for awhile didn’t get what had happened and that she had a kid He herd the voice of the kid and found out Danae put Perseus in a chest to hide him which is a common thing in mythology They sail to the island of Seriphus where Dictys raises Perseus Dictys was the brother of the king of Seriphus Someone was having an aggressive sexual relationship towards? Athena helps heroes? Perseus had to go find a staff in the underworld The people who guided him were the Graiae who only had one eye He took their eye Perseus beheads Medusa Medusa is often represented with her tongue out and sometimes Znakes around her waist Perseus could look at the face of Medusa through a mirror of the shield given to him by Athena Sometimes Medusa is represented with a mare's lower half Poseidon was fond of Medusa who had a relationship (consensual or not?) Perseus severs Medusa's head and she was pregnant with Pegasus and Chrysaor Perseus is then chased by the Gorgons (medusa's sisters) after he killed her Andromeda is the daughter of Ethiopian king Cepheus and Cassiopeia and Poseidon sent a monster from the sea Andromeda is tied? Perseus frees her and fights the sea monster Cetus Also, Ares was there which reveals that he was going to defeat the monster Perseus showing to Polydectes the head of Medusa Perseus ends up killing his grandfather And Perseus and Andromeda are turned into constellations
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Persus and his mother Danae getting put in the chest by his grandfather |
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Perseus showing to Polydectes the head of Medusa
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Herakles |
Son of Zeus and Alcmene who is the wife of Amphytrion
His original name was Alcides or Alcaeus |
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Herakles and Hera |
Hera sent snakes to the baby Herakles and his twin brother Iphicles
His brother is only the son of mortals, no divine even though they are twins Hera's attempt was not successful Herakles strangles the snakes sent by Hera |
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Baby Heracles strangling the snakes sent by Hera
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Madness of Herakles |
When he becomes an adult he marries Megara and they have sons
But apparently, the marriage did not fit really well with Herakles personality Mania = maddness Killed Megara and sons |
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12 Labours of Herakles |
12 different battles he had to face |
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Heracles,Nessus, andDeianira
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Hebe |
Also gets married to Herakles |
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Theseus |
Another Hero Kills the Minotaur |
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Theseia |
The festival was not instituted until 469 BCE, when Cimon brought back to Athens Theseus’ bones form the island of Skyros.
Processions, sacrifices and athletic contests were held. |
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Thesus and Helen |
He abducts her even though she is young and he is old They get married |
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Jason and the Golden Fleece |
Was from Iolcus Had to go on a journey by his uncle to get the golden fleece In myth the person who sends the heroes is sending them to die but the hero generally succeeds Herakles was also there Had to go through a lot of challenges before getting the fleece Medea helps him in his quest (god) Had to fight a fire breathing bull and men who were coming from the soil According some traditions there is a snake or a dragon protecting it but he doesn’t really have to fight it because Medea causes it to fall asleep They go back to Pelias and he brings it to the fleece to the king Medea and Jason fall in love and have some sons Medea convinces King Pelias's daughters to want to rejuvenate their old king father However, it was a trick and they kill the father and then then go to Corinth Jason marries the daughter of Corinth so he can become king This makes Medea mad and she kills the young wife and punishes him by killing their own son She then escapes on the chariot of the son End of Jasons life is not good or heroic Everyone abandons him and then something hits him or something and he dies, not a challenging death This is a common theme because of the hubris granted in their quest and the gods punish them
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Phaeton |
Wants to drive the golden chariot of the sun but his father wouldn’t let him But then he does and he is very excited Flies up to the milky way and down to earth setting it on fire Very dangerous so Zeus wants to put a stop to it Hits him with a lightning bolt This is another case of if you dare to match the gods you are punished
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Women and Myth |
Generally women are models for what not to do
When the are granted divine status they change their names Collective rites - rites of passages all together while males have a more individual experience for rites |
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Brauronia |
rites of passage was the temple dedicated to Artemis at Brauron
Young girls ran naked and performed some rights and they also acted as bears |
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Callisto |
Callisto was dedicated to Artemis and didn’t want any ideas of getting married Marriage was an important stage of a females life and so was having babies, ect. She turned into a bear She was able to give birth to a son Arcas who was a hunter He hunts and is about to kill his mother but Zeus intervenes
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The Amazons |
Female aggressive warriors
Very skilled in fighting They also cut one of their breasts to be more able to use their bow Herakles fought against Andromache who we know by name |
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Penthesilia
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Achilles killing Penthesilia
He didn’t realzie she was female and is about to kill her but he stripped her and fell in love |
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Achilles killing Penthesilia (Amazonian Queen)
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Atalanta |
Atalanta is also a person who acts as a boy She didn’t want to become a wife so she was going against the usual female timeline What she did to avoid this was she was a good athlete so she challenged all men to a foot race She says if someone beats her she would marry him Hippomenes was smart and he had the apple and when they were racing he threw them distracting her and he won Only way to win was to trick her
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Clytemnestra
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Was the wife of Agamemnon who led the Greek mission against Troy Before he was about to sail to Troy there was not favourable winds He sacrificed his daughter When he was at war Clyemnestra plots with her lover to get back at him and they kill him
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Orestes |
Son on Clymnestra and Agamemnon Avenges his fathers death by killing mom and her lover who helped kill dad |
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Cassandra |
Cassandra - priestess and Apollo fell in love with her He gave her the ability to give oracles and prophecies She still didn’t fall in love so Apollo didn’t let anyone believe her For example, she warned the trojans that their city would fall but nobody paid attention to her
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Penelope |
Wife of Odyssus They have a son Her husband goes on journey and she has many suitors He comes back and kills them all |
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Amor and Psyche |
hot oil and scares him off |
