Clst 203 Mythology And Religion Class 10

Front 1

Villa of the Mysteries in Pompeii

Back 1

- Paintings of a bride initiating into Dionysian Mysteries before wedding.

- Displays Dionysus with a woman (Athene or Aphrodite)

- Initiate gives offerings, satyrs and sirens drink with Dionysus, Initiate gets whipped, then comforted by Maenads

Front 2

Bacchanalia

Back 2

A festival worshiping Dionysus

Romans make a senatorial decree to suppress worship of Dionysus

People who continued to worship changed cult name and worshiped in secret

Front 3

The Kingdom of Hades

Back 3

Greek/Roman ideas of afterlife changed over time.

- Due to philosophical & social changes

First vision of Hades' reign was told by Homer

Front 4

Hypnos and Thanatos

Back 4

Hypnos (Sleep)

Thanatos (Death)

- Carry the dead to the underworld

- Shown lifting Sarpedon

- Both closely related with each other

- Both had helmets and wings

Front 5

Sarpedon

Back 5

Son of Zeus

King of Lycia that died in Torjan War

Hypnos and Thanatos carry Sarpedon

Hermes Psycomponpos (Hermes spirit guide) guides them to underworld

Front 6

Morpheus

Back 6

Son of Thanatos

Represents Dreams

Known for giving people advice through dreams

Gave advice to the dead

Front 7

According to Homer, how did Souls find peace after death?

Back 7

If physical body was not buried, the soul would wander the underworld waiting for peace

Soul cannot find peace without body being buried

Front 8

Odysseus and Achilles

Back 8

Odysseus meets Achilles in underworld

- Tells Achilles that his son (Neoptolemus) is doing well back home

- Achilles was pleased and walks off into a meadow full of Asphodel (a flower)

Front 9

Areas of the Underworld (5)

Back 9

1. Palace of Hades

2. Vale of Mourning

3. Plain of Judgement

4. Blessed Isles

5. Asphodel Fields

Front 10

Monsters of the Underworld (2)

Back 10

1. Cerberus

- Three headed dog that guarded the gate

2. Erinyes (Furies)

- goddesses of underworld

- punish those who swore false oath

Front 11

Hermes and Charon in the Underworld

Back 11

Hermes would guide souls to the underworld

Charon would transport them across the river Acheron

Souls have to pay a coin to cross the river

- People buried with coin in mouth/hand

- In mouth to hide from grave robbers

Front 12

Three Judges of the Underworld

Back 12

1. Minos

2. Rhadamanthus

3. Aeacus

Front 13

Punishments in the Underworld

Back 13

1. The Torments of Tantalus

2. Sisyphus in Tartarus

3. Ixion and the wheel

Front 14

The Torments of Tantalus

Back 14

Crime: Tantalus stole ambrosia from gods and gave to mortals.

Punishment: Stuck in a pool of water with fruit tree just out of reach for all eternity

Forever thirsty and hungry with food and water teasing him

Front 15

Sisyphus in Tartarus

Back 15

Crime: Revealed Zeus's mistresses

Punishment: Forced to roll a boulder up hill only to watch it roll down again

- Tricked Hades to let him return to life to "punish" his wife for not burying his body.

- Managed to live to old age but was punished when he died

Front 16

Ixion and the Wheel

Back 16

Crime: Attempted to rape Hera

Punishment: Chained to a fiery wheel with wings that will spin through the air forever

Front 17

Katabasis

Back 17

The descent into the Underworld

Front 18

The Descent of Heracles

Back 18

Guided by Athene and Hermes

- Went to capture Cerberus and bring him to Ulysseus

- Hades agreed but Heracles must capture Cerberus bare handed

Front 19

The Descent of Theseus and Pirithous

Back 19

Two Heroes that went to the underworld to rape Persephone and marry her

Was punished by Hades and forced to sit on a rock.

Later saved by Heracles

Front 20

The Descent of Orpheus

Back 20

A singer from Thrace, his music would attract all animals

- Eurydice (his wife) was running from Aristacus (trying to rape her) and dies from snake bite

- Orpheus tries to bring her back to life but gods told him only if he does not look at her face until they leave underworld

- He looks right before leaving underworld and loses her

Front 21

Death of Orpheus

Back 21

After the fail attempt to revive wife he gives up on women

men would rather be with orpheus and hear his music than be with their wives

As a result the Wives of Thrace dismembered him.

His head and lyre ended up in islands giving oracles

Front 22

Orphism

Back 22

Must be initiated into the religion

Orphic golden tablet has texts on them

- Common themes: a spring and cypress tree

- Talks about a place where deceased go

- Mentions judgment by guardians

Front 23

Pythagoras of Samos

Back 23

Believed that everything is explained by numbers

Thought souls transfer to another body after death

Believed he was a woman & fish in past life

Front 24

metempsychosis

Back 24

The tansmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death.

ex. soul moves from body to body after death

Front 25

Empedocles from Akragas

Back 25

A philosopher from Sicily that was influenced by Pythagora's Beliefs

Front 26

Plato's Republic

Back 26

Contains the Myth of Er

Influenced by Orphism and Pythagorean tradition

Front 27

Myth of Er

Back 27

- Written in Pato's Republic

- Influenced philosophical, and religious thought for centuries

- Mentions death and an afterlife

- Rewarded after death for living good

- punished after death for living bad

Front 28

Virgil' s Aeneid

Back 28

Speaks of the body and soul

Souls are cleansed before going back to earth in new bodies