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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
General sense of touch |
Temperature Pressure Pain |
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Special senses |
Smell Taste Sight Hearing Equilibrium |
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Eye/vision |
Each eye has over a million nerve fibers |
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Protection for the eye |
Most of the eye is enclosed in a bony orbit
A cushion of fat surrounds most of the eye |
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Accessory structures of the eye |
Eyelids/eyelashes Conjunctiva Lacrimal apparatus Extrinsic eye muscles Eyelids/eyelashes |
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Conjunctiva |
Membrane that lines the eyelids Connects to the surface of the eye Secretes mucus to lubricate the eye |
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Lacrimal gland |
Produced lacrimal fluid |
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Lacrimal canals |
Drain lacrimal fluid from the eyes |
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Lacrimal sac |
Provides passage of lacrimal fluid towards nasal cavity |
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Nasolacrimal duct |
Empties lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity |
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Function of the lacrimal apparatus |
Protects, moistens, lubricates the eye Empties into the nasal cavity |
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Properties of lacrimal fluid |
Dilute salt solution (tears) Contains antibodies/lysosomes |
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Extrinsic eye muscles |
Six muscles attach to the outer surface of the eye Produce eye movements |
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Structure of the eye |
Fibrous layer-> middle layer-> sensory layer-> inside layer |
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Structure of the eye |
Fibrous layer-> middle layer-> sensory layer-> inside layer |
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Sclera |
White connective tissue layer Seen anteriorly as “the white of the eye” |
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Structure of the eye |
Fibrous layer-> middle layer-> sensory layer-> inside layer |
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Sclera |
White connective tissue layer Seen anteriorly as “the white of the eye” |
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Cornea |
Allows for light to pass through Repairs itself easily Pigment prevent light from scattering |
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Cilary body |
Smooth muscle attached to lens |
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Cilary body |
Smooth muscle attached to lens |
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Iris |
Regulates amount of light entering eye Pigment layer that gives eye color Pupil rounded opening in the iris |
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Retina contains 2 layers |
Outer pigmented layer Inner neural layer Contains receptor cells - rods/cones |
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Rods |
Most are found towards the edges of retina Allow dim light vision/peripheral vision Perception is in gray tones |
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Cons |
Detailed color vision Densest in the center of the retina |
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Cons |
Detailed color vision Densest in the center of the retina |
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Cone sensitivity |
Three different types Different cones are sensitive to different wavelengths |
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Lens |
Held in place by a suspensory ligament attached to the ciliary body |
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Lens |
Held in place by a suspensory ligament attached to the ciliary body |
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Biconvex crystal |
Like structure |
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Anterior (aqueous) segment |
Anterior to the lens Contains aqueous humor |
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Anterior (aqueous) segment |
Anterior to the lens Contains aqueous humor |
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Posterior (vitreous) segment |
Posterior to the lens Contains vitreous humor |
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Aqueous humor |
Watery fluid found between lens/cornea Similar to blood plasma Helps maintain intraocular pressure |
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Vitreous humor |
Gel-like substance posterior to the lens Prevents the eye from collapsing |
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Aqueous humor |
Watery fluid found between lens/cornea Similar to blood plasma Helps maintain intraocular pressure |
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Vitreous humor |
Gel-like substance posterior to the lens Prevents the eye from collapsing |
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Opthalmoscope |
Instrument used to illuminate the interior of the eyeball |
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Pathway of light through the eye |
Light must be focused to a point in the retina for optimal vision |
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Optic chiasma |
Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain |
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Optic chiasma |
Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain |
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Optic tracts |
Contain fibers from the lateral side of the eye on the same side and the medial side of the opposite eye |
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Eye reflexes |
Internal muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system |
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Emmetropia |
Eye focused images correctly on the retina |
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Myopia (nearsighted) |
Distant objects blurry Light from those objects fails to reach the retina and are focused in front of it |
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Hyperopia (farsighted) |
Near objects are blurry while distant objects are focused |
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Astigmatism |
Results from light focusing as lines, not points |
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Emmetropia |
Eye focused images correctly on the retina |
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Myopia (nearsighted) |
Distant objects blurry Light from those objects fails to reach the retina and are focused in front of it |
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Hyperopia (farsighted) |
Near objects are blurry while distant objects are focused |
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Astigmatism |
Results from light focusing as lines, not points |
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Night blindness |
Inhibited rod function that hinders the ability at see at night |
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Color blindness |
Genetic conditions that result in the ability to see certain colors |
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Cataracts |
When lens becomes hard/opaque, our vision becomes hazy/distorted |
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The ear |
Houses two senses -hearing -equilibrium (balance) |
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The ear |
Houses two senses -hearing -equilibrium (balance) |
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Anatomy of the Ear |
Divided into 3 areas -external (outer) ear -middles ear (tympanic cavity) -inner ear (bony labyrinth) |
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The ear |
Houses two senses -hearing -equilibrium (balance) |
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Anatomy of the Ear |
Divided into 3 areas -external (outer) ear -middles ear (tympanic cavity) -inner ear (bony labyrinth) |
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External ear i |
Involved in hearing only |
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External acoustic meatus |
Narrow chamber in the temporal bone Lined with skin and ceruminous glands |
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Middle ear |
Air filled cavity within the temporal bone |
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Middle ear |
Air filled cavity within the temporal bone |
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Bones of the middle ear |
Malleus (hammer) Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirrip) |
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Inner ear |
Includes sense organs for hearing/balance |
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Maculae |
Receptors in the vestibule |
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Anatomy of the maculae |
Hair cells are embedded in the otolithic membrane |
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Otoliths |
Float in a gel around the hair cells |