Chapter 8- Special Senses

Front 1

Temp, pressure, pain

Back 1

General senses of touch

Front 2

smell, taste, sight, hearing, equilibrium

Back 2

5 senses:

Front 3

Lacrimal gland

Back 3

Produces lacrimal fluid

Front 4

Lacrimal canals

Back 4

drain lacrimal fluid from eyes

Front 5

Lacrimal sac

Back 5

provides passage passage of lacrimal fluid towards nasal cavity

Front 6

Nasolacrimal duct

Back 6

empties lacrimal fluid into nasal cavity

Front 7

lacrimal fluid

Back 7

water & salt (tears); antibodies & lysosomes

Front 8

fibrous, vascular, semsory

Back 8

3 layers of the eye:

Front 9

Cornea & sclera

Back 9

structures of the fibrous layer

Front 10

Sclera

Back 10

seen anteriorly as the “white” of the eye; connective tissue

Front 11

Cornea

Back 11

only human tissue that can be transplanted w/o fear of rejection; allows for light to pass through the eye; transparent

Front 12

Choroid

Back 12

blood-rich nutritive later in the posterior of the eye

Front 13

Ciliary body

Back 13

smooth muscle attached to lens

Front 14

Iris

Back 14

regulates amount of light entering eye; pigmented & gives the eye it’s color

Front 15

Pupil

Back 15

rounded opening in the iris

Front 16

rods & cones

Back 16

2 types of photoreceptors:

Front 17

Rods

Back 17

photoreceptors Found toward the edges of the retina; allow dim light vision & peripheral vision; all perception is in gray tones

Front 18

cones

Back 18

photoreceptors that allow for detailed color vision; densest in the center of the retina

Front 19

Fovea centralis

Back 19

area of the retina w/only cones

Front 20

optic disk (blind spot)

Back 20

place where there are no photoreceptors present

Front 21

the absence of a specific cone type

Back 21

color blindness is caused by...

Front 22

Lens

Back 22

biconvex crystal-like structure; held in place by suspensory ligament

Front 23

Cataracts

Back 23

condition where the lens becomes hard and opaque w/ age; vision is hazy & distorted

Front 24

Aqueous humor

Back 24

watery fluid between lens & cornea; provides nutrients for the lens & cornea

Front 25

Vitreous humor

Back 25

posterior to the lens; gel-like substance that prevents the eye from collapsing; helps maintain intraocular pressure

Front 26

hearing & equilibrium

Back 26

2 senses housed by the ears:

Front 27

Mechanoreceptors

Back 27

receptor cells of the ear:

Front 28

External (outer) ear, middle (tympanic) ear, inner ear (bony labyrinth)

Back 28

3 areas of the ear:

Front 29

external ear

Back 29

area of the ear Involved w/hearing only

Front 30

auricle, external acoustic meatus

Back 30

Structures of the external ear:

Front 31

external acoustic meatus

Back 31

“ear canal”; marrow chainbee in the temporal bone; lined w/skin & ceruminous (wax) glands; ends at the ear drum

Front 32

middle ear (tympanic cavity)

Back 32

air filled cavity w/in the temporal bone; only involved in hearing

Front 33

malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

Back 33

bones (ossicles) of the middle ear:

Front 34

Inner ear (bony labyrinth)

Back 34

includes sense organs for hearing & balance; filled w/perilymph; maze of bony chainbers w/in the temporal bone

Front 35

cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

Back 35

Structures of the inner ear/bony labyrinth:

Front 36

inner ear

Back 36

Equilibrium receptors are found in the...

Front 37

Vestibular apparatus

Back 37

Equilibrium receptors are called...

Front 38

static equilibrium & dynamic equilibrium

Back 38

2 functional parts of the vestibular apparatus:

Front 39

Maculae

Back 39

receptors in the vestibule; send info via the vestibular nerve; report on the position of the head

Front 40

Otoliths

Back 40

tiny stones that float around in gel around the hair cells

Hint 40

anatomy of the Maculae

Front 41

Crista ampullaris

Back 41

receptors in the semicircular canals

Front 42

soft palate, cheeks, mostly tongue

Back 42

location of the taste buds:

Front 43

Roof of the nasal cavity

Back 43

olfactory receptors are located on...

Front 44

cortex

Back 44

Interpretation of smells is made in what region of the brain?

Front 45

sides of papilae

Back 45

tastebuds are found on...

Front 46

filiform papilae

Back 46

sharp papillae w/no taste buds

Front 47

Fungiform papillae

Back 47

rounded papillae w/ taste buds

Front 48

Circumvallate papillae

Back 48

large papillae w/ taste buds

Front 49

gustatory cells

Back 49

receptors on the taste buds

Front 50

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

Back 50

5 taste sensations:

Front 51

Savory/meaty flavors

Back 51

what’s is umami?

Front 52

acids

Back 52

sour receptors detect what?

Front 53

Saccharine & some amino acids

Back 53

sweet receptors detect what?

Front 54

bases/alkaloids

Back 54

Bitter receptors detect what?

Front 55

metal

Back 55

Salty receptors detect what?

Front 56

Myopia

Back 56

nearsightedness; distant objects appear blurry

Front 57

Hyperopia

Back 57

farsightedness; distant objects are clear while closer ones are blurry