Chapter 10 - Photosynthesis

Front 1

Define Photosynthesis.

Back 1

It is the process in which light energy is converted into chemical energy.

Front 2

Light Dependant Reactions

Back 2

* Capture of photons.a
* Use the energy to produce ATP and NADPH.

Front 3

Define Calvin Cycle

Back 3

The formation of organic molecules.

Front 4

Leaf Structure.

Back 4

Cuticle
Mesophyl -Vascular bundle
-Sheath bundle
Stoma (opening)

Front 5

What are chloroplasts?

Back 5

Organelles where photosynthesis takes place.

Front 6

Structure of a Chloroplast

Back 6

Thylakoids (organized in granum)
Granum
Stroma
Outer membrane
Inner membrane

Front 7

What are thylakoids?

Back 7

Thylakoids contain pigments for capturing light and the machinery to produce ATP.

Front 8

Where do light dependant reactions take place?

Back 8

In the Thylakoid in the chloroplast.

Front 9

Light and Reducing Power

Back 9

Light dependant ractions of photosynthesis use the energy of light to reduce NADP to NADPH and manufacture ATP.

Front 10

Energy in photons

Back 10

The highest energy is in short wave lengths.
Highest intensity gamma rays
Least intensity radio waves.

Front 11

Absorption Spectra

Back 11

Photon absorption depends on its wavelength and also on the chemical nature of the molecule it hits.

Front 12

What are pignments?

Back 12

Pigments are molecules that absorb light in the visible range.

Front 13

What types of pigments are there?

Back 13

Chlorophyll; Absorbs the photons by means of exitation.
Carotenoids; Absorb wavelengths that are not efficiently absorbed by chlorophyll.

Front 14

Chlorophyll(A)R Group?

Back 14

-CH3

Front 15

Chlorophyll(B)R Group?

Back 15

-CHO

Front 16

Which are the Light Dependant Reactions?

Back 16

1. Primary photoevent.
2. Charge Separation
3. Electron Transport
4. Chemiosmosis

Front 17

Define saturation point.

Back 17

Phosynthesis output increases linearly at low intensies but lessens at higher intensities.

Front 18

Define Photosystem.

Back 18

Is a network of pigments that channel exitation energy by any of the molecules to the reaction center.

Front 19

Define Reaction center.

Back 19

Allows photon exitation to move away from the chlorophylls and is the key conversion of light to chemical energy.

Front 20

Cyclic photophosphorylation

Back 20

* Used by bacteria.
* Reaction center (P870)
* Electron is recycled to chlorophyll.

Front 21

Non-Cyclic photophosphorylation

Back 21

* Used by plants.
* Photosystems 1&2 generate power to reduce NAD to NADH with enough left over to produce ATP.
* Ejected electrons end up in NADPH

Front 22

Where does the calvin cycle occur?

Back 22

In the stroma of the chloroplast.

Front 23

Secion 1; Calvin cycle.

Back 23

The calvin cycle begins when a carbon atom from Co2 (Carbon fixation) is given to a five(5)-carbom molecule. The resulting six(6)-carbom molecule is unstable and splits into two three(3)-carbon molecules.

Front 24

Section 2; Calvin Cycle.

Back 24

The energy from the ATP and the hydrogens from the NADPH are added to the two three(3)-carbon molecules. The now rediced three(3)-carbon molecules either combine to make glucose or other molecules.

Front 25

Section 3; Calvin Cycle.

Back 25

Most of the reduced three-carbon molecules are used to regenerate the five(5)-carbon molecules (the starting material), thus completing the cycle.

Front 26

Calvin Cycle Results.

Back 26

With three full turns of the cycle, three molecules of carbon dioxide enter, a molecure of glyceraldehude 3-phosphate (G3P) is produced, and three molecules of RuBP are regenerated.

Front 27

Photorespiration

Back 27

Photorespiration results in decreased yields of photosynthesis. c4 and CAM plants circumvent this by modifications of leaf structure and increasing the CO2 concentration.

C4 Plants isolate CO2 reproduction.

CAM plants isolate it temporarily.