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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 parts of cytoplasm |
- cytosol - organelles |
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Mitochondria |
- generate ATP through aerobic respiration - have their own DNA, RNA, ribosomes - outer membrane - inner membrane |
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What are the fold and cavities in inner membrane? |
folds: cristae cavity: matrix |
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Ribosomes |
- sites of protein synthesis - reads messenger RNA |
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Rough ER |
- studded w/ ribosomes - manufacture of all proteins secreted from cells - protein processing & modification |
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Functions of smooth ER |
- steroid hormone production - detoxification - calcium storage - vesicle formation - break down glycogen - absorb/synthesize/transport lipids |
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Golgi apparatus |
- cis face: receives material from ER - trans face: shipping side - collects, sorts, modifies, packages & distributes proteins & lipids made in ER |
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Peroxisomes |
- membrane bound vesicles containing enzymes - break down molecules which produces hydrogen peroxide |
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Enzymes in peroxisomes |
- oxidases neutralize free radicals, produce H2O2 which then oxidizes other molecules - catalase break down excess H2O2 |
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Lysosomes |
- produced by golgi apparatus - contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes - autophagy: break down unwanted foreign substances or worn out parts of cells |
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Autolysis |
destruction of the entire cell with lysosomal enzymes - occurs in some pathological conditions - responsible for tissue deterioration after death - head of a sperm releases lysosomal enzymes to get past protective coating of the egg |
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Tay-Sachs disease |
inherited disease due to absence of one lysosomal enzyme - this enzyme usually breaks down a membrane glycolipid - glycolipid levels accumulate and nerve cells function less efficiently |
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symptoms of tay-sachs |
seizures, muscle rigidity, blindness, dementia, usually die by age 5 |
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Proteasome |
- dispose of proteins that are no longer needed - unfold proteins and break down into short peptides and amino acids |
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Microfilaments |
strands made of spherical protein subunits called actins, help to generate movement or provide mechanical support |
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Intermediate filaments |
tough, insoluble protein fibers constructed like woven ropes composed of tetramer fibrils, attach to desmosomes to resist pulling forces on the cell |
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Microtubules |
hollow tubes of spherical protein subunits called tublins, assembled by the centrosome, form mitotic spindle spindle fibers, determine cell shape, movement & positioning of organelles and chromosomes |
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Cilia |
hairlike projections on a cell's surface |
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Flagella |
longer than cilia, move an entire cell |
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centrosome |
consists of 2 centrioles |
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centriole |
pinwheel of 9 triplets of microtubules |
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What are the bases of cilia and flagella? |
centrosome/centrioles |
