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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cell
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collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life
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cell theory
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idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
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cell membrane
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thin, flexible barrier around a cell; controls what enters and leaves the cell.
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cell wall
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strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
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nucleus
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large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities
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cytoplasm
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material inside the cell membrane---but not including the nucleus
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prokaryote
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single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus.
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eukaryote
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organism whose cells contain nuclei
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organelle
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specialized structure that perforns important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
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Robert Hooke 1665
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He observed tiny chambers in a thin slice of cork; he named the cell.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1674
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He observed tiny living organisms in pond water
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Matthias Schleiden 1838
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He concluded that all plants are made of cells.
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Theodor Schwann 1855
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He concluded that all animals are made of cells.
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Rudolph Virchow
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He studied cell reproduction and concluded that all cells are produced from preexisting cells
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chromatin
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granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
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chromosome
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threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
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nucleolus
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small dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of ribosomes begins
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cytoskeleton
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network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
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microtubule
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hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and can also serve as a "track" along which organelles are moved
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microfilament
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long, thin fiber that functions in the movement and support of the cell
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ribosome
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small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
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endoplasmic reticulum
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internal membrane system in cells in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
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Golgi apparatus
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stack of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
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lysosome
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cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
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vacuole
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cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
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chloroplast
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organelle found in the cells of plants and some other organisms that uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis
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mitochondrion
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cell organelle that releases energy from stored food molecules
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nuclear envelope
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double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
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