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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three characteristics of Prokaryotic cells
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1) Simple internal Structure
2) no membrane bound organelles 3) 1-5 micrometers longs and 1 micrometer wide |
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Two characteristics of Eukaryotic cells (why they differ from prokaryotic cells)
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1) Larger and more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells
2) Possess membrane bound organelles |
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Viruses differ from other cells in these four ways
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1) viruses are not dynamic, open systems
2) viruses are incapable of taking in nutrients 3) viruses are unable to change or replace their parts 4) viruses have no metabolic abilities of their own |
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Describe the Prokaryotic genome (5 facts)
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1) DNA is large double stranded molecule and the DNA aggregates to form a nucleoid in the cell
2) DNA is circular in most prokaryotes 3) Most prokaryotes have only a single chromosome 4) Many have circular extra chromosomal DNA called plasmids 5) single copy of each gene (haploid) |
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Describe the Eukaryotic Genome (4 facts) in relation to differences of Prokaryotic genome
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1) DNA present in linear double stranded molecules in the nucleus
2) DNA packages and organized into chromosomes 3) Contain special proteins (such as histones) used to help pack and fold DNA 4) Contain two copies of each gene (diploid) |
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How many base pairs and genes are in the Human and E. coli genome?
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Human- 4.7 billion base pairs
32,000 genes E. Coli- 4.7 million base pairs 4,300 genes |
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Three phylogenetically distinct lineages of cells that have been identified
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1) Bacteria (Prokaryotes)
2) Archae (Prokaryotes) 3) Eukarya (Eukaryotes) |
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Eight ways microbial diversity is demonstrated
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1) Size
2) Morphology 3) Metabolic Strategies (Physiolgoy) 4) Motility 5) Mechanisms of cell division 6) Pathogenicity 7) Development 8) Adaptation to environments |
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Energy (ATP) can be obtained in these three ways in nature
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Source (Type of Microbe)
1) Organic Substances (Chemoorganotrophs (majority)) 2) Inorganic Substances (Chemolithotrophs, unique to prokaryotes) 3) Light (Photosynthetic Autotrophs) |
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Heterotrophs
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Require one or more organic compounds as their carbon source (ex. of carbon sources include glucose and acetate)
includes chemoorganotrophs |
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Autotrophs
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use CO2 as their sole source of carbon
includes chemolithotrophs and photoautotrophs |
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Hyperthermophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)
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Live in High temperatures
part of domain archae example of habitat hot undersea |
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Psychorophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)
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Live in low temperatures
Part of domain bacteria example of habitat sea ice |
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Acidophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)
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Live in low pH
Part of domain archae example of habitat acidic hot springs |
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Alkaliphile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)
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Live in high pH
Part of Domain Archae Example of habitat soda lakes |
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Barophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)
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Live in high pressure
Part of Domain Bacteria Example of habitat deep ocean sediments |
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Halophile (List Extreme, Domain, and Habitat)
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Live in salty environments
Part of Domain Archae Example of habitat salterns |
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Three characteristics of the Bacteria group
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1) contains an enormous variety of prokaryotes
2) all pathogenic bacteria are found in this group 3) largest dvision (phylum) is "proteobacteria" |
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Cyanobacteria
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oxygen producing phototrophs
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Spirochetes
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bacteria group
unusual helical shape cause lyme disease |
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Planctomyces
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bacteria group
unusual stalk structure for attachment |
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Deinococcus
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bacteria group
many types are pathogenic or parasitic |
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Two characteristics of Archae group
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1) Most archae are "extremeophiles" meaning they live in extremely hostile environments
2) All archae are chemotrophic |
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Two main subdivisions of Archae
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1) Euryarchaeota
2) Crenarchaeota |
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Examples of Bacteria group
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E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Gram positive, Green sulfur, green non-sulfur
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