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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Microbiology revolves around what two basic themes?
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1) The basic science of understanding life
2) the applications of science to human needs |
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Explain Microbiology as a basic biological science
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our understanding of life stems from studies of microbes as model systems
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Explain Microbiology as an applied biological science
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deals with important pracitcal problems in medicine, agriculture and industry
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Three processes that are microbial dependent
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1) Oxygen Supply
2) Degrading organic matter 3) recycling of key nutrients |
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Two facets of cell structure
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1) highly compartmentalized
2) structures consist of protein, nucleic acid, lipid, and polysaccharide macromolecules |
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Six processes that all cells undergo
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1) Metabolism
2) Reproduction 3) Differentiation 4) Communication 5) Movement 6) Evolution |
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Two ways microbes impact humans
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1) Can be disease causing pathogens (majority of which are not harmful)
2) Agriculturally important |
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How are microbes agriculturally important?
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1) As nitrogen fixing bacteria
2) for the digestive process in ruminant animals like cattle and sheep 3) key role in cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur 4) can cause plant disease (like citrus canker) |
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Three ways microbes affect the food industry
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1) Food spoilage
2) food borne disease 3) food processing |
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Three ways microbes affect energy and environment
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1) Production of methane gas
2) Phototropic bacteria help produce earth's biomass 3) Bacteria used for bioremediation |
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Two ways microbes used in Biotechnology
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1) Used for manipulation and modification of genes
2) Cloning genes into bacterial host (production of insulin) |
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Robert Hooke
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First to describe microbes in 1665 using molds
Invented microscope |
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Antoni van Leeuwenhook
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discovered bacteria cells in 1676
developed a microscope at 200x magnification associated with the royal society of london |
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what four things did Leeuwenhook see under the microscope?
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bacteria, sperm, nematodes, blood cells
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Ferdinand Cohen
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German botanist who founded field of bacteriology
described the life cycle of the bacillus first to classify bacteria |
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Louis Pasteur
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settled controversy surrounding the theory of spontaneous generation
went on to develop vaccines for diseases like anthrax and rabies |
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Robert Koch
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linked microbes to disease in "the germ theory of disease"
studied anthrax found that bacteria could be grown in culture outside the animal's body and still remain pathogenic developed many bacteria culturing techniques |
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Koch's Postulates (4)
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1) The suspected pathogenic microbe should be present in all cases of the disease and should not apear in healthy animals
2) The suspected microbe should be able to be grown in pure culture 3) Cells from a pure culture of the suspected microbe should cause disease in a healthy animal 4) The pathogenic microbe should be re-isolated from culture and shown to be the same as the original microbe that was isolated |
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What did Koch's Postulates eventually lead him to believe?
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That bacteria causes tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
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Martinus Beijernick
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Developed more advanced culturing techniques
developed "the enrichment culture" |
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"The Enrichment Culture"
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based on the fact that microbes have different nutrient and incubation requirements
This allows us to "selectively" grow certain microbes |
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Sergei Winogradsky
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developed concept of "chemolithotropy (Energy conserving process)
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Chemoautotrophs
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microbes that obtain their carbon from CO2
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