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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
all the organisms of the same species in a given area
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population
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study of how ad why populations change
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population ecology
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Population ecology's purpose is to develop sustainable _____ sources, assess the impact of _____ activities, and balance _____ needs with biodiversity and _____.
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food, human, human, resources
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Members of a population rely on the same _____, are influenced by the same _____ factors, and are likely to _____ and _____ with one another.
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resources, environmental, interact, breed
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the number of individuals per unit area or volume
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population densities
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There are many _____ that estimate population densities.
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sampling techniques
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_____ and _____ patterns are important population variables.
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density, dispersion
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Types of density and dispersion patterns:
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1. clumped
2. uniform 3. random |
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density and dispersion patterns occur in patches - example?
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clumped, schools of fish
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density and dispersion patterns where they're evenly dispersed - example?
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uniform, penguins
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dispersal is unpredictable
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random dispersion
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Dispersal patters are important in determining where species can be _____ or can _____.
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found, survive
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What show the proportion of individuals alive at each age?
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survivorship curves
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produce few offspring but give them good care, increasing the likelihood that they will survive to maturity
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Type I survivorship curve
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Examples of organisms that exhibit Type I survivorship curves:
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humans and many other large mammals
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low survivorship for the very young, followed by a period when survivorship is high for those few individuals who live to a certain age; usually produce very large numbers of offspring but provide little or no care for them.
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Type III survivorship curve
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Examples of organisms that exhibit Type III survivorship curves:
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nile perch; many invertebrates, such as oysters
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intermediate with survivorship constant over the life span, individuals are no more vulnerable at one stage of the life cycle than another
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Type II survivorship curves
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Examples of organisms that exhibit Type II survivorship curves:
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invertebrates, lizards, rodents
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the growth is equal to the number of individuals times a certain growth rate
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Exponential growth
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Exponential growth is also called the _____ growth model.
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J Curve
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Exponential growth occurs when the conditions are _____ - the environment is _____.
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ideal, great
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Exponential growth requires that the environment be basically _____ - there needs to be plenty of food, space, mates, habitat, and no _____. This is seldom the case in most populations
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unlimited, problems
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Population growth slows and ceases as population density increases
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Logistic Growth
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Logistic growth is also known as the _____ curve.
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S
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Increasing population in logistic growth results in a decrease in _____, an increase in _____, or _____.
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birth rate, death rate, both
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maximum population the environment can support
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carrying capacity
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Nobody knows when we're going to reach the carrying capacity of the _____. Eventually, they will probably produce so much waste that it will produce a _____ environment.
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Earth, toxic
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concerned with changes in population size and the factors that regulate populations over time
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population ecology
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plot survivorship as the proportion of individuals from an initial population that are alive at each age
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survivorship curves
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environmental factors that restrict population growth
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limiting factors
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How exponential growth is calculated per capita rate increase times the population size = the growth rate of the population
rN=G |
note
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declining birth rates and rising death rates in response to increasing population density
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density-dependent rates
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a shift from zero population growth in which birth rates and death rates are high but roughly equal to zero population growth characterized by low birth and death rates
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demographic transition
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A situation that results from the increased proportion of women of childbearing age in the population
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population momentum
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