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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
True or false meiosis forms gametes |
True |
|
During meiosis 1 2n cell gives rise to |
Four 1n cells |
|
True or false The Synaptonemal complex consists of homologous chromosomes |
true |
|
During cytokinesis, what forms in the plant cell? |
cell plate |
|
True or false nerve cells never divide and are in a G0 state. |
true |
|
which of the following does not contribute to the control of the cell cycle |
nucleolus |
|
what contributes to the control of the cell cycle |
MPF (maturation-promotion factor) Cyclins Epidermal Growth Factor Cyclin dependent kinases |
|
True or false In prophase II of meiosis, the cell is haploid |
true |
|
what happens during the mitotic prophase |
the nuclear membrane disappears spindle fibers appear dna chromosomes become visible |
|
what does not occur during mitotic prophase |
the sister chromatids separate |
|
True or false cells that grow in a petri dish usually stop growing after forming a single layer? What happens if it keeps growing |
true cancer |
|
which of the following is NOT true about the reproduction of bacteria Bacteria divide by binary fission bacteria divide asexually bacteria divide by forming gametes |
bacteria divide by forming gametes |
|
true or false interphase is a part of mitosis |
false |
|
true or false dna replication occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II |
false |
|
Name the cellular structure that organizes the spindle fibers in all eukaryotic cells |
centrosomes |
|
Fruit flies have 4 chromosomes i.e. 1n=4. If 1 of the 4 chromosomes is a sex chromosome, how many autosomes would you find in a somatic fruit fly cell |
6 |
|
which of the following is a diploid (2n) cell gamete sperm cell egg cell liver cell |
liver cell |
|
Mystery organism z has 42 chromosomes in its liver cells. How many chromosomes did it receive from each parent |
21 |
|
true or false the nuclear envelope begins to form in telophase |
true |
|
true or false karyotype is a display of chromosomes from a cell arrested in metaphase |
true |
|
true or false an allele is an alternate version of a gene |
true |
|
in a pedigree chart, if a trait is expressed in each generation of a family, the trait is more likely |
dominant |
|
true or false during meiosis, the homologous chromosomes line up in pairs in 1 or 2 arrangements. 1 chromosome will segregate independently of another chromosome |
true |
|
true or false Mendel's law of independent assortment states that each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other during gamete formation |
true |
|
A cat with no tail is crossed with a cat with a long tail. All the progeny cats have the phenotype of short tails. What type of inheritance is this phenomenon an example of |
incomplete dominance |
|
Purple hair (BB) is dominant over blue hair (bb) to test if a purple haired mouse is homozygous or heterozygous dominant, one would cross the purple haired mouse with the mouse with the genotype |
bb |
|
five genes contribute to one phenotype this is an example of a |
polygenic trait |
|
true or false in Mendel's garden, the green peas were dominant over the yellow peas |
false |
|
true or false In a trihybrid cross, 3 phenotypes or genes are involved |
true |
|
which human genetic disorder persists in certain populations because the heterozygote condition provides protection against an infectious disease |
sickle cell anemia |
|
true or false in this chapter, true (pure) bred plants were identical for genetic traits that were studied |
true |
|
true or false expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios are always the same |
false |
|
Rooster with gray feathers is mated with a hen with gray feathers. They have 15 gray chicks, 7 black chicks and 8 white chicks this is an example of |
incomplete dominance |
|
in humans, the heterogametic sex is |
male |
|
who discovered linked genes |
morgan |
|
true or false genes found on the y chromosome are considered y linked |
true |
|
the particular location of a gene on a chromosome is called |
locus |
|
true or false genes on the barr body are normally never expressed |
true |
|
an example of autosomal aneuploidy |
edward's syndrome |
|
true or false red/green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait |
true |
|
how many barr bodies does an individual with turner's syndrome have in their somatic cells |
0 |
|
true or false men are hemizygous for genes found on the x chromosome |
true |
|
Sperm and egg cells are |
gametes cells |
|
Examples of haploid cells |
Gametes |
|
These cells are 1n |
Haploid |
|
Fertilization is from |
2 1n cells to one 2n cell |
|
These cells are 2N |
Diploid |
|
Division of cytoplasm |
Cytokinesis |
|
One 2n cell to two 2n cells |
Mitosis |
|
One 2n cell to four 1n cells |
Meiosis gamete production |
|
Involves no gametes and unicellular organisms |
Asexual reproduction |
|
Binary fission is |
Asexual |
|
Bacterial reproduction is called |
Binary fission |
|
DNA comprising all genetic info |
Genome |
|
Composed of DNA and protein and found during interphase relaxed |
Chromatin |
|
Are the structures of DNA |
Chromosomes |
|
Gives view of mitosis during metaphase and displays all 23 chromosomes |
Karyotype |
|
Mitosis is the reproduction used for |
Yeast Amoeba Paramecium |
|
Purposes of mitosis |
Reproduction (single-celled organisms), growth and development, tissue renewal |
|
A duplicated chromosome has how many sister chromatids |
2 |
|
Creation of sister chromatids occurs during when |
Interphase |
|
Cell cycle phases |
Interphase G1 phase/G0 phase (resting nondividing) S subphase G2 subphase Mitotic (M) phase Mitosis Cytokinesis |
|
What happens during prophase |
Chromosomes condense two sister chromatids nuclear membrane disappears centrosomes move to poles spindle fibers and Aster form organizes spindle molecules (not in plants) |
|
What happens in prometaphase |
Kinetochore microtubules Kinetochore binds to centromeresKinetochore microtubulesAsters at polesNuclear envelope disappears Asters at poles Nuclear envelope disappears |
|
What happens at metaphase |
Metaphase plate sister chromatids line up |
|
Protein on the centromere that binds microtubules |
Kinetochore |
|
Go from pole to pole and to kinechore |
Spindle fibers (microtubules) |
|
What happens in anaphase |
Separate (allows sister chromatids to part) Daughter chromosomes are pulled apart sister to daughter depolymerize microtubules by kinetochore shorten the spindles |
|
Kinetochore depolymerizes |
Microtubule |
|
What happens in telophase |
Cleavage furrow forms (plant cell plate) nuclear envelope forms nucleolus forms relaxing chromosomes |
|
What ends mitotic phase |
Cytokinesis |
|
An animal cell cytokinesis what is form |
Microfilament ring or cleavage furrow |
|
In plant cells cytokinesis what is form |
Cell plate |
|
G0 cells are stuck in |
G1 phase |
|
Cells that never divide |
Nerve cells |
|
Cell either stay in blank or enter blank |
G0 phase or enter S phase |
|
One cell enters G2 checkpoint the cell is ready for |
Mitosis |
|
Cycling are |
Proteins |
|
MPF is what plus what |
Cyclin plus cdk |
|
Growth factors do what |
Stimulates cell division and bind to receptors |
|
Cancer that remains in tumor |
Benign tumor |
|
Cancer that can spread |
Malignant tumor |
|
Cancer that has spread |
Metastasize |
|
Cells become cancerous and immortal |
Transformation |
|
The cell cycle includes |
Mitosis |
|
Haploid cells are made in |
Meiosis |
|
Humans have how many chromosomes |
46 (2n) 44 Autosome and 2 sex |
|
What happens in meiosis 1 |
Separation of homologous chromosomes |
|
Point of crossing over |
Chiasmata |
|
What happens at meiosis 2 |
Separation of sister chromatids |
|
What forms after meiosis 2 |
Four haploid daughter cells (gametes) |
|
When does DNA replication occur during meiosis |
Occurs during interphase before meiosis 1 but not meiosis 2 |
|
When does the Nexus of homologous chromosomes occur during meiosis |
Occurs during prophase 1 along with crossing over between nonsister chromatids resulting chiasmata hold pairs together due to sister chromatid cohesion |
|
2 chromosomes have how many combinations |
4 |
|
Independent assortment of chromosomes comes from |
Maternal and paternal |
|
How many possible combinations of maternal and paternal curse of chromosomes are there |
2 to the 23rd power equals 8.4 million |
|
Crossing over at multiple sites is |
Homologous recombination |
|
Three types of genetic variation |
Independent assortment of chromosomes random fertilization and crossing over |
|
, crossing over results in |
Recombination event (chromosome) |
|
When are sister chromatids pulled apart |
Anaphase 2 |
|
Occurs in prophase 1 |
Crossing over (chiasmata) |
|
Have identical genetic info |
Homologous chromosomes |
|
Cross of plants occurred with |
True (pure) breeding |
|
Shows All possible combinations of egg and sperm |
Monohybrid cross |
|
Have 2 alleles of a gene |
Diploid |
|
Segregate only one allele to a gamete |
Diploid |
|
Have frequency for a alleles |
Gametes |
|
Alleles join after |
Fertilization |
|
Is the location of gene |
Locus |
|
Genes are linked in |
Dependent assortment |
|
Genes are not Linked In |
Independent assortment |
|
Heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype between phenotypes of homozygous |
Incomplete dominance |
|
Both phenotypes expressed and heterozygous there are multiple alleles |
Codominance |
|
Phenotype of one gene affects that of another Gene |
Epistasis |
|
One gene has multiple phenotypes (synptoms) |
Pleiotropic |
|
Sickle cell anemia is an example of |
Pleiotropic |
|
Is a protein in red blood cells |
Globin |
|
Single phenotype affected by two or more genes |
Polygenic |
|
Phenotype is determined by genes and environment are called |
Multifactorial traits |
|
Environmental factors that affect gene expression |
Fur color smoking UV light |
|
Heterozygous phenotype same as that of homozygous dominant |
Complete dominance of one allele |
|
One gene affects multiple phenotypic characters |
Pleiotropy |
|
Hemizygous refers to |
XY combination |
|
How many bases does X & Y have |
X has 164 million bases y has 59 million bases |
|
A chromosome is |
Condensed DNA |
|
Sex determination is always |
50% chance of male or female |
|
People get their mitochondrial DNA from |
Their mother |
|
Egg contains |
Mitochondria or mdna |
|
All mitochondrial DNA is inherited from |
Mother |
|
Gene's on x or y chromosome are |
Sex linked |
|
Types of inheritance of sex-linked genes |
Red-green color blindness hemophilia duchenne muscular dystrophy |
|
A Barr body is a |
An X chromosome that is condensed and is inactivated shows no gene expression |
|
The closer genes are the less frequent |
Recombination occurs |
|
Turner syndrome involves |
Only 1X there's no Barr body |
|
Trisomy X involves |
3xs |
|
xyy involves making a person |
Taller |
|
Klinefelter syndrome involves |
A male having 2 xs an inactive x sterile |
|
Can lead to disease |
Philadelphia chromosome |
|
Abnormal number of chromosomes are called |
Aneuploidy |
|
Are all cells in your body except gamete cells |
Somatic |
|
Sister chromatids are |
Duplicated/replicated chromosomes |