Bio 102 Exam 3

Front 1

What characteristics do plants growing in darkness have?

Back 1

Shoots with pale stems

Front 2

Etolation

Back 2

plant goes from pale stem to turning into a photosynthetic plant

Front 3

The 3 stages of the Greening Response

Back 3

Reception of Light,

Transduction,

Response

Front 4

Reception of Light

Back 4

Exposure of only a few seconds of light. Phytochrome is the receptor pigment. Pfr turns into Pr.

Front 5

Transduction

Back 5

2nd messenger cGMP amplifies the initial signal, and new phytochrome config acts w/ GTP. GTP interacts w/ activating proteins to become cGMP

Front 6

Response

Back 6

GMP stimulates transcription genes, or activates stored proteins. The amplified message either stimulates RNA transcription or activates existing enzymes that are stored in cell

Front 7

Plant Hormones

Back 7

Typically small molecules capable of moving across cell walls. Control cell division

Front 8

Auxin

Back 8

Promotes coleoptile elongation.

Front 9

Gibberellins

Back 9

Stimulates cell wall elongation. Work with auxin. Released by embryos.

Front 10

Absicissic Acid

Back 10

Prevents germination in mature seeds. Desert seeds mush be washed to sprout.

Front 11

Ethylene

Back 11

Works with auxin to control leaf absicission.

Front 12

Brassinosteriods

Back 12

Hormones that are like animals hormones but in plants

Front 13

Phytochromes

Back 13

Light receptors in plants that regulate reception of light. Has 2 isomers Pr and Pfr.

Front 14

Alkaloids

Back 14

neurotoxin steroid,

milkweed

Front 15

Terpenoids and Terpenes

Back 15

low nitrogen,

high light exposure,

pine sap,

Front 16

Phenolics

Back 16

no nitrogen,

tannis and lignins

Front 17

Fungi General Info

Back 17

heterotrophic decomposer,

external digesters,

diverged from plant line,

cell walls of chitin,

Front 18

Fungi Phylum Zygomycota

Back 18

Rhizopus,

Bread mold,

hyphae penetrate food to digest it,

sexual

Front 19

Fungi Phylum Ascomycota

Back 19

mycelia,

asexual spores not encased,

sexual spores in asci,

sac fungi

Front 20

Fungi Phylum Basidomycota

Back 20

mushrooms

Front 21

Ectomycorrhiza

Back 21

increasing absorption abilities of roots by 1000x, not invading cell wall

Front 22

Endomycorrhiza

Back 22

increasing absorption abilities by 1000x times, invades cell wall

Front 23

Endophytic Fungi

Back 23

invade above ground tissues

Front 24

Crustose

Back 24

encrusting lichen

Front 25

Foliose

Back 25

leaf life lichen

Front 26

Fruiticose

Back 26

shrub like

Front 27

Lichen Reproduction

Back 27

can reproduce asexually by fragmentation, also asexual spores

Front 28

Ectoderm

Back 28

digestive tract, liver, lungs

Front 29

Mesoderm

Back 29

muscles, between digestive tract and outer covering

Front 30

Coelomates

Back 30

body cavity forms withing mesoderm

Front 31

Pseudocoelomates

Back 31

body cavity forms between endoderm and mesoderm

Front 32

Acoelomates

Back 32

no body cavity

Front 33

Protostomes

Back 33

mouth forms first,

have spiral determinant cleavage,

8 cell stage cant clone

Front 34

Deuterostomes

Back 34

anus forms first,

radial indeterminant cleavage,

8 cell stage able to clone

Front 35

Cnidarians

Back 35

polyp or medusa,

primitive muscle,

has grastula

Front 36

Plathyhelminthes

Back 36

simplest bilateral symmetric,

simplest digestive tract,

no body cavity

Front 37

Cheliceriforma

Back 37

horseshoe crab,

arachnids

Front 38

Crustaceans

Back 38

pill bugs,

shrimp,

crayfish,

crabs

Front 39

Myrrapods

Back 39

millipedes,

centipedes

Front 40

Insecta

Back 40

6 legs,

metamorphosis

Front 41

Complete Bugs

Back 41

flies,

beetles,

butterflies/moths,

bees, wasps, ants

Front 42

Incomplete Bugs

Back 42

water striders,

dragonflies,

cockroaches

Front 43

Echinodermata

Back 43

radial symmetry,

several arms

Front 44

Asteroidea

Back 44

Echinodermata,

starfish

Front 45

Brittle Star

Back 45

Echinodermata,

visible central disk,

starfish like

Front 46

Operculum

Back 46

muscle controlled so that sharks and certain fish can break while not moving

Front 47

Amniotic Egg

Back 47

4 membranes

Front 48

exothermic

Back 48

cold blooded

Front 49

endothermic

Back 49

warm blooded

Front 50

Amniotic Egg Layer Chorion

Back 50

exchanges gases between embryo and air

Front 51

Amniotic Egg Layer Allantois

Back 51

storage of metabolic wastes and aids in respiration

Front 52

Amniotic Egg Layer Amnion

Back 52

defines a fluid filled sac that protects embryo

Front 53

Amniotic Egg LayerYolk Sac

Back 53

contains yolk

Front 54

Monotremes

Back 54

egg laying mammals,

embryo hatches and crawls to mammary glands

Front 55

Marsupials

Back 55

birth embryos,

no eggs,

crawl to pouch

Front 56

Placentals

Back 56

humans

Front 57

Perissodactyla

Back 57

odd numbered toes mammals,

horses, rhinos, tapirs

Front 58

Insectivora

Back 58

bats

Front 59

Cetaceans

Back 59

whales, dolphins

Front 60

Primata

Back 60

humans

Front 61

Artiodactyls

Back 61

even toed animals,

pigs, camels, hippos

Front 62

Cytokinins

Back 62

Only in presence of auxin. Help w/ cell elongation

Front 63

Cytokinin = auxin

Back 63

Cells grow

Front 64

Cytokinin > auxin

Back 64

shoots develop

Front 65

Cytokinin < auxin

Back 65

shoots don't develop

Front 66

Human Kingdom

Back 66

Animalia

Front 67

Human Phylum

Back 67

Chordata

Front 68

Human Class

Back 68

Mammalia

Front 69

Human Order

Back 69

Primata

Front 70

Human Family

Back 70

Hominids

Front 71

1st Step of Auxin

Back 71

Passes through parenchymal tissues

Front 72

2nd Step of Auxin

Back 72

Stimulates membrane protein pumps

Front 73

3rd Step of Auxin

Back 73

Acidifies cell walls, stimulates expansins

Front 74

4th Step of Auxin

Back 74

Water uptake causes cells to elongate