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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which blood component contains the most factor VIII concentration relative to the unit volume?
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Cryoprecipitated AHF
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What are some quantitative methods for the determination of albumin?
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Serum protein electrophoresis Nephelometry Colorimetric spectrophotometry |
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A centromere that is located at the point where two chromosome arms are roughly EQUAL in length is called metacentric. T/F
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True
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HIV is known as a retrovirus because:
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RNA is used as the template for DNA synthesis.
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Metabolic acidosis is characterized by:
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Low pH
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An elevated level of which hormone will inhibit pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
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Cortisol
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In what way are the ABO serum antibodies unique among blood group systems?
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The antibodies are naturally occurring.
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The presence of only slightly visible hemolysis will significantly increase the serum level of which electrolyte?
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Potassium
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The hh genotype gives rise to:
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Bombay phenotype
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Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTR) usually occur within which time period?
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3-10 days after transfusion
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The measurement of total glycosylated hemoglobin A1c is an effective means of assessing the average blood glucose levels...
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Over the past 2-3 months
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When the glucose result on a urine specimen from an infant is negative on the reagent strip, it can be assumed that the specimen is negative for other reducing substances such as galactose.
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False. The method used on the reagent strip is specific for glucose. An additional test, such as Clinitest, should be used to check for other reducing substances.
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What description describes the term "absolute value" as it would relate to differential counts.
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Relative % of each cell type X total white cell count
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Which drugs/drug classes is the MOST COMMON cause of drug-induced hemolytic anemia?
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Cephalosporins
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Prozone is usually found in:
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a patient sample in which the serum contains a high titer of antibody
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Describe a "rouleaux formation" of RBCs and what instances you would see them
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RBC's are linearly arranged simulating a stack of coins, RBC clumping associated with cold agglutinins (often IgM antibodies) is found in immune hemolytic anemias, in infections such as mycoplasma pneumonia, and in certain malignancies.
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Rouleaux formations are related to: |
Increased plasma proteins, primarily fibrinogen or globulins, is found on peripheral smears in monoclonal gammopathies as multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
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Which organs are sources of serum alkaline phosphatase?
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Liver Placenta Intestines |
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Which bacteria is the MOST frequent cause of prosthetic heart valve infections occurring after heart surgery?
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Which condition is caused by deficient secretion of bilirubin into the bile canaliculi?
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome
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A urine specimen was collected at 6:00 a.m. and remained at room temperature until it was received in the laboratory at 3:30 p.m. How may the pH of the specimen be affected by the extended time at room temperature if bacteria are present in the specimen?
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The pH may become more alkaline.
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A deficiency in which vitamin leads to increased clotting time and may result in hemorrhagic disease?
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Vitamin K
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A phlebotomist who is performing venipuncture on a small delicate hand vein should choose a needle with a gauge number of 18. T/F
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False. The gauge of a needle indicates the diameter of the needle opening. A small delicate vein would require a higher gauge. Usually, a 23 gauge needle is recommended.
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What are some factors involved in the intrinisic pathway?
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Factors IX, XI, & XII
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In a normal CSF the protein concentration as compared to that in the serum is generally:
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Less than 1%
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What steps should be taken in the IMMEDIATE investigation of a potential hemolytic transfusion reaction?
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ABO and DAT on the post-transfusion patient sample Check for a clerical error Visual examination of the post-reaction and pre-reaction (if available) plasma for hemolysis |
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What roles may be performed by a laboratory technologist in the processing of a bone marrow aspirate?
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Making smears (either at the patient bedside or in the laboratory) and staining the smears. In some laboratories, the technologist may also be responsible for performing the bone marrow differential count.
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Clostridium difficile
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Culture on appropriate media provides an effective means of recovering the organism.
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Mycobacterium fortuitum
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From a three-year-old female's ear drainage grew an acid fast bacillus that gave the following biochemical reactions: Iron Uptake- Positive Nitrate reduction- Positive Arylsulfatase - Positive MacConkey agar growth, 5 days- Positive |
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A 300 µg dose of RhIg can suppress immunization to _____ mL of D-positive whole blood.
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30 mL
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What is the MOST common infective agent to be transmitted through blood transfusion that results in morbidity and mortality?
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Bacteria
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What must be true before a unit of Red Blood Cells that has been issued and returned can be reissued?
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The container has a tamper-proof seal and the seal remains unbroken.
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Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), was published in 2001 and updated in 2004. The NCEP: ATP III includes criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. What are they?
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Fasting blood glucose Triglycerides HDL-C |
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In examining a Wright's stained blood smear of a patient who has had a splenectomy, one would most likely also find:
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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What are two conditions where an increased serum osmolality would be an expected finding?
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Dehydration Diabetes Insipidus |
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Which test included on a urine reagent strip would never be reported out as negative?
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Urobilinogen
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Endocytosis
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The process by which cells absorb molecules by engulfing them
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Exocytosis
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The process by which phagosomes are released by the cell to expel the macromolecules inside
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How does hemophilia A differ from hemophilia B?
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Factor VIII is deficient in hemophilia A Factor IX is deficient in hemophilia B |
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A patient who has a primarily vegetarian diet will most likely have an acid urine pH. T/F
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False. A patient who has a primarily vegetarian diet will most likely have an alkaline urine pH. A low-carbohydrate diet as well as the ingestion of citrus fruits can also lead to a more alkaline urine sample
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Which specimen collection method should NOT be used if urine cultures are also required?
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Routinely voided
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Which Enterobacteriaceae produces DiHydrogen Sulfide?
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Salmonelleae
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
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Increased during inflammatory conditions Can be used to follow the course of a disease Highest values usually seen in Multiple Myeloma Increased in rheumatoid conditions |
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Which adipokine is decreased in obesity, is anti-inflammatory, and increases insulin sensitivity?
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Adiponectin
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Tumor markers are especially valuable when used to
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Monitor response to cancer therapy
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What is the largest constituent of plasma nonprotein nitrogen?
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Urea
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The general Glomerular Filtration Rate calculation:
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Urine creatinine / plasma creatinine x volume per minute = GFR (mL/min)
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A definitive diagnosis of malaria can be made by:
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Demonstration of the organisms in peripheral blood
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The parents’ blood types were AB and O. The blood group of any of their children could ONLY be what?
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Group A or B only
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A beta-hemolytic gram-positive coccus, isolated from the CSF of an infant, grew on sheep blood agar under aerobic conditions and was resistant to a bacitracin disc. Which test should be performed for the presumptive identification of the organism?
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CAMP test
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In a HPV infection, where does the viral DNA replicate?
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Squamous epithelial cells
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A HbA1C result for a diabetic patient is 6.0%. What conclusion can be made regarding this patient's carbohydrate management?
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The patient is compliant with diet and medication.
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What is the corrected WBC if a differential count shows 20 nucleated erythrocytes per 100 leukocytes and the uncorrected leukocyte count is 12,000/ mm3?
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10,000/ mm3
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The term "analytical specificity" refers to:
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The ability to measure only that substance being assayed
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Adult Ascaris lumbricoides worms live where?
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Small Intestines
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New Methylene Blue works by what mechanism?
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Staining cytoplasmic RNA, mitochondria, and ribosomes
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What type of follow-up testing is recommended for a Speckled ANA pattern?
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Testing for antibodies to the extractable nuclear antigens (ENA)
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What type of follow-up testing is recommended for a Homogenous ANA pattern?
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Testing for antibodies to dsDNA
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Fetal lung maturity can be determined from amniotic fluid because the surfactant is PRIMARILY composed of:
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Phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids
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Bacillus anthracis
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Large, gram-positive rods with square ends in short chains
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Yersinia pestis
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Gram-negative rods demonstrating bipolar staining
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Francisella tularensis
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Very tiny, pale staining, gram-negative coccobacillus; often difficult to see individual cells
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Brucella species
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Small, gram-negative coccobacilli that appear gram-positive due to retention of crystal violet stain; individual cells present
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When a few small, purple inclusions are found in erythrocytes, they can be confirmed as containing iron by:
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performing a Prussian blue stain
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Which organism will give a positive coagulase test:
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Using an automated cell counter analyzer, an increased Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) should correlate with:
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Anisocytosis
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A group A Rh positive infant born to a group O Rh negative woman has a 1+ positive DAT. The mother had a negative antibody screen at delivery and received antenatal RhIg. What are some possible causes of the newborn's positive DAT? |
Anti-A Passive anti-D Antibody to a low frequency antigen |
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Which WBC is generally the most abundant normal WBC seen in the adult peripheral blood?
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Segmented neutrophil
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The McLeod phenotype is associated with which antigen system?
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Kell
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Precursor to the ABO antigens.
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H antigen
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Which nitrogen base would bind with a guanine nucleotide in forming double-stranded DNA?
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Cytosine
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A test that can be used as a confirmatory test for urobilinogen
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Watson-Schwartz Test
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An accurate observation about osmotic pressure is that it is:
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Proportional to concentration of solute particles
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Osmolality is measurable by:
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How much it depresses the freezing point of samples.
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What percentage of glycerol is generally used when freezing red cells of rare phenotypes?
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40%
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Which risk marker has both positive and negative cardiovascular risk integrated into its measurement?
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ApoB/ApoA1
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What are some characteristics of casts?
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Cylindrical bodies Contain Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein Formed in either the distal convoluted tubules or the collecting ducts of the kidney |
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Can cause increased hemoglobin results on automated hematology analyzers since the hemoglobin measurement is performed spectrophotometrically. Causes a more turbid sample, leading to a falsely high reading during the hemoglobin determination.
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Lipemia
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May be seen in conditions such as lead poisoning & thalassemia
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Basophilic stippling
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A drug that is readily cleared and has a wide therapeutic window, such as ampicillin, should always be monitored by TDM. T/F
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False. Drugs that have a very narrow therapeutic window need to be monitored by TDM
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What is the most prudent step to follow to select units for cross-match after recipient antibodies have been IDENTIFIED?
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Antigen type patient cells and any donor cells to be cross-matched
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Paragonimus westermani
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The only fluke egg known to be found in human sputum
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The gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum
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The only malarial organisms that assume a characteristic banana shape
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Why are ANA positive samples titered?
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To determine how much antibody is present in the sample To look for multiple ANA patterns |
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The time needed for the retention of laboratory records is NOT defined by regulation and law, but is dependent upon the needs of each laboratory. T/F
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False. Usually the state or city will mandate the length of time that records must be kept
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A disease likely to show a homogenous pattern in an immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy test for ANA?
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SLE
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Avidity
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The strength of attraction between a single antigenic determinant and a corresponding antigen binding site
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Diagram of a spectrophotometer
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Light source Monochromator Cuvette Detector Readout |
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IgG - IgM
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Fixes complement via classical pathway
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IgM
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Largest antibody Pentamer |
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IgG
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Crosses placental barrier
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IgE
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Immediate hypersensitivity
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Bacillus cereus
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Produces spores only under aerobic (not anaerobic) conditions
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Clostridium perfringens
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Virtually never produces spores in clinical infections
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What is not usually increased in alpha thalassemia?
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Iron binding capacity
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