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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The human skeleton consists of 206 named bones grouped into two principal divisions called?
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Axial skeleton and the
Appendicular skeleton |
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The ____ skeleton consists of the bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the human body:
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Axial
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Skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones), hyoid bone, ribs, sternum (breastbone), and bones of the vertebral column. These are part of the ____ skelton.
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Axial
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The ____ skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities) and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton.
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appendicular
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What bones are greater in length than in width and are often slightly curved for the purpose of weight bearing?
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Long
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The femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges are examples or ____ bones.
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Long Bones
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What bones include the carpals & tarsals?
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Short Bones (cube-shaped)
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What bones are thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone enclosing a layer of spongy bone?
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Flat bones
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The cranial bones, ribs, sternum, scapulae, and clavicles are examples of ____ bones?
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Flat bones
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What bones include complex shapes like the vertebrae and some facial bones?
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Irregular bones
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What bones vary in number and protect tendons from excessive wear?
The best example is the patella. |
Sesamoid bones
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What bones can develop fractures due to friction, tension, and stress?
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Sesamoid bones
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What bones, also known as Wormian bones, are small extra bone plates located
within the sutures of cranial bones? |
Sutural bones
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Bones have characteristic surface markings - structural features adapted for?
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Specific functions.
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There are two major types of surface markings on bones. They are?
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Depressions and openings, and
Processes |
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Depressions and openings of on/in bones allow the passage of?
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Blood vessels and nerves an they form joints
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Projections or outgrowths that form joints serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons are called?
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Processes
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While a process is any projection of bone (large or small), a ____ process is a slender projection from a vertebrae.
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Spinous
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What is an opening in
bone through which blood vessels and/or nerves pass? |
foramen
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If a bony process is large, round, and articular, it might be called a?
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condyle
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The condyles of the humerus are the?
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Trochlea and the Capitulum
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What is a bony protuberance
above a condyle? |
An epicondyle
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What is a shallow
depression in bone? |
A fossa
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What is a small rounded projection?
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A tubercle
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What is a large bony prominence that is not articular?
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A tuberosity
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What is a tube-like canal?
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A meatus
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What are two very large bony projections on the femur?
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The trochanters
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There are 80 bones in the central (axial) skeleton, which conists of?
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Skull, Vertebral column (including the sacrum),
Ribs, and Sternum |
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Besides forming the large cranial cavity, the skull also forms several other smaller cavities. They are?
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Nasal cavity,
Orbits (eye sockets), Paranasal sinuses, and Small cavities which house organs involved in hearing and equilibrium |
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The bones of the skull are grouped into what two categories?
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Cranial bones, and
Facial bones |
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They 8 cranial bones are? (Frank passes time on special equipment).
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Frontal bone (1)
Parietal bone (2) Temporal bone (2) Occipital bone (1) Sphenoid bone (1) Ethmoid bone (1 |
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The 14 Facial bones are? (My mothers zebra now likes peas in veal)
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Mandible (1)
Maxilla (2) Zygomatic bone (2) Nasal bones (2) Lacrimal bones (2) Palatine bones (2) Inf. Nasal conchae (2) Vomer (1) |
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The braincase (neurocranium) has 8 bones. They are? (Some old eagle sat perched perfectly)
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Single frontal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid bones, paired temporal, parietal bones.
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What is a “seam” – an immovable joint between bones of the skull?
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A suture
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What are soft, mesenchyme-filled spaces between cranial bones in babies? They will become suture joints in adults.
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Fontanels (“little fountains”)
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What are prominent features of the frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone, and maxillary?
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The paranasal sinuses
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With the exception of the ethmoid sinuses, the other paranasal sinuses are?
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paired
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What are lined with mucus
membranes that humidify and warm the air? They also reduce weight in the skull and help to resonate the sound of our voice. |
paranasal sinuses
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Of the 8 cranial bones that fit together to form the braincase, the ____ bone is the “keystone”.
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sphenoid
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Besides protecting the brain, the skull provides a framework for: Attachment of muscles that move various parts of the head and?
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Attachment for muscles that produce facial expressions
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The facial bones form the framework of the face and provide support for the entrances to the ____ and ____systems.
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digestive and respiratory
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The spine is composed of a series of bones called?
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vertebrae.
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Vertebrae typically consist of?
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A body (weight bearing)
A pedicle and lamina forming the vertebral arch (surrounds the spinal cord) Several processes (points of attachment for muscles) |
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There are 7 ____ ____in the neck region labeled C1-C7 .
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cervical vertebrae
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There are 12 ____ ____ that articulate with the ribs (T1-T12).
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thoracic vertebrae
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There are 5 ____ ____that support the lower back labeled L1-L5 .
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lumbar vertebrae
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The ____ and ____ are single bones that result from the fusion of several vertebrae.
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sacrum, and coccyx
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From the cervical region to the sacrum, each vertebra has a large central hole, or ____ ____ in which the spinal cord can travel.
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vertebral foramen
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At each segmental level, on both the right and left sides, an ____ ____ is formed for the exiting spinal nerves.
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intervertebral foremen
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What is found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae?
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A tough fibrocartilage intervertebral disc
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When viewed from the front, a normal adult vertebral column appears straight. When viewed from the side,
it has ____ slight bends which constitute the normal spinal curvatures. |
four
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Relative to the front of the body, the cervical and lumbar curves are convex or concave?
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convex (bulging out),
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The thoracic and sacral curves are convex or concave?
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concave (cupping in).
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What vertebrae comprise the bony spine in the neck?
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The cervical vertebrae
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C1 is called the ____because it holds up the head the way the Titan of Greek mythology supported the world.
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Atlas
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C2 is called the ____ because it provides a pivot, allowing the head to turn on the neck.
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Axis
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Without these first two specialized cervical vertebra, the head-on-neck range of motion would be very?
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limited
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Below the neck, each of the 12 pairs of what vertebrae articulate with a rib to form the posterior part of the thoracic cage?
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thoracic vertebrae
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Because the ____ vertebrae (5) bear greater loads, they are much stouter than their more superior cousins
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lumbar
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What is a single triangular body formed from a fusion of 5 separate vertebrae in-utero (during fetal development)?
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The sacrum
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What is commonly referred to as the tailbone, it is the final segment of the bony spine. It is also an in-utero fusion of 3–5 separate vertebrae.
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The coccyx,
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What is the final part of the axial skeleton? In addition to the thoracic vertebrae, it is formed from:The sternum
The ribs and costal cartilages |
The thoracic cage
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What serves to enclose and protect the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities? It also provides support for the bones of the upper limbs and plays a role in breathing.
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The thoracic cage
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What is located anteriorly in the center of the thoracic wall.
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The sternum or “breastbone”
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What consists of the manubrium, body, xiphoid process?
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The sternum or “breastbone”
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What are bars of hyaline cartilage connecting the sternum to the ribs? They contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic cage.
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The costal (having to do with the ribs) cartilages
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The upper 7 rib pairs are called ____ ____because they attach “directly” to the
sternum (with just a small piece of costal cartilage). |
true ribs
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The bottom 5 pairs of ribs (and this number can vary from one individual to another) are called?
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false ribs.
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Ribs 11 and 12 are called?
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floating ribs
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