Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
o Prehensile hands-
|
having a thumb, allowing for you to grab, all primates have. Also good for touching sense.
Human do not have mobile ankles and feet. Don’t have good grip anymore like most primates have |
|
• Homologies-
|
traits that are shared among a group of organisms that they got from a common ancestor.
|
|
• Analogies
|
traits shared between two organisms but have nothing to do with genetics
|
|
o Prosimians
|
lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers. smaller in general, extra incisors , grooming claws, rely on smell, nocturnal
|
|
anthropoids
|
monkeys and apes
|
|
playtrrhines
|
new world monkeys; smaller; howler monkeys; small broad noise; prehensile hands; 2-1-3-3; tropical rainforest in s.a
|
|
Hominoids
|
larger, no tail, bigger, complex brain, longer infant dependency, longer lifespan;
|
|
• Hylobatids
|
gibbons; swing trees
|
|
• Pongids-
|
orangutans;big male/female diff.
|
|
hominids-
|
gorillas; biggg diff. male/female;, mostly eat leaves and terrestrial. Make nests in the trees. Chimps; difference in size btwn male and female, smaller than gorillas; humans
|
|
• Adaptive Radiation-
|
environmental change effected the food resource like an ice age changing the primates being available
|
|
• Eocene(55-34 mya):
|
prosimians; tropical environments,Larger brains, reduced snouts, arboreal, forward-facing eyes; 2-1-3-3 dental formula. There was a split of anthropoids and promisians during this period.
|
|
• Oligocene(34-23 mya):
|
• Split btwn catarrhine and new world monkeys occurs during this period in this area. age of the anthropoids; becomes more seasonal, early primates die bc of cold weather in northern countries
|
|
o Fayum Primates (36-31 mya)-
|
Africa; forward facing eyes, large brain, greater reliance on vision, very tropical, swampy, wet, little seasonal, arboreal, descendants of anthropoids, ate fruits, 50 diff genus of primates.
|
|
• Miocene (23-5 mya)-
|
age of homonoids- climate become more humid, wetter, tropical;
|
|
o Early miocene (23-16 mya
|
Proconsul ape- reduced snout, bigger brain and body, more forward facing eyes, 1st no tail; mostly found in Kenya
|
|
o Middle Miocene proconsulids (16-5 mya)-
|
last common ancestor btwn chimps and oranguatans
|
|
• Ardipithecus ramidus-
|
4.4 mya, definite changes to pelvis of bipedalism;
|
|
• Sahelanthropus tchadensis-
|
7-6 mya, the foramen magnum more under the skull, thicker teeth, starting to be more upright; found in CHAD
|
|
• Orrorin tugennesis
|
6 mya; femoral head is elongated; still climbed in the trees
|
|
• Ardipithecus kadabba
|
5.8-5.2 mya, found in ethiopia
|
|
• Australopithhecus anamensis-
|
the shape of the tibia is shock absorbed; huge back teeth with thick enamel, still have canines that are large
|
|
• Australopithecus afarensis-
|
3.8-3 mya; “Lucy” very clear spine curvature, broad pelvis; still had divergent big toe, but more inline
|
|
• Australopithecus boisei-
|
2-1 mya; evolved for chewing, huge back teeth and huge jaws
|
|
• Austalopithecus africanus
|
south African, 3.5-2 mya back teeth are bigger than afarensis
|
|
• Australopirhecus robustus
|
south Africa, 2-1 mya sagittal press, huge back teeth, little smaller than boisei;
|
|
• Homo antecessor
|
spain, 1.2 mya- 800 kya. Transient species between homo erectus and modern humans.
|
|
• Homo heidelbergensis-
|
700-200 kya; Africa, Europe, china; arched cranial head; human like back of the head; large face; possibly intermediate species.
|
|
• Homo Floresiensis-
|
midgit humans bc of environmental pressures
|
|
• Homo Sapiens-
|
high domed forehead; not as big of noses; reduction in the jaw; little brow ridge; originated in Africa, intermixing with other hominin species living in other areas; possible went to India and middle east and then Europe from Africa; mitochondrial DNA shows we originated in Africa.
|
|
o Broad-specturm revolution-
|
ice age ends and the large animals go extinct making humans go to another type of resource.
|
|
• Denisovans-
|
cousins of neaderthalensis 400,000 yrs ago; lived in asia; ppl from Melanesian have a large trait of this
|