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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Paleo and antos? (paleontology) |
Paleo is Old and antos is existense. |
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Radiometric dating of the earth |
4.5 billion years |
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The study and understanding of fossils |
Paleoantology |
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To become a fossil what must be done first? |
An organism must be buried by sediment and preserved over time. |
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Study of what happens to a fossil from the moment of death to the moment of discovery. |
Taphonomy |
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The study of the strata or layers, of the geological, biological and archeeological record |
Stratigraphy |
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In "principles of Geology" (1830), ______ synethesizes a number of stratigraphic processes/ |
Lyell |
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"The principle of original horizontally", _________ believes that layers are laid down by gravity horizontally to earths surface |
Nicolas Steno |
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What is the principle of superposition? |
Older layers are laid down first |
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In Principle of cross, _______ says that cutting relationships a feature that must exist before another feature can cut across it. |
James Hutton (1700's) |
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Predictable sequences of fossils through strata is stated in what book? and by Who? |
Principle of faunal successions and by William Smith (1815) |
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Fossil animals that typify a layer |
Index Fossils |
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contegores paleontologists divide earth's history into - Earth is 4.5 billion years old: this is the total scale - Primate evolution occurs only in the Cenozoic Era, during the past 65 million years (.1% of earth's history) |
Geological Time Scale aka GTS |
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What are the two eons? |
Precambrian and Phanerozoic ("revealed life") |
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From the formation of earth untill 542 million years ago |
Precambrian |
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From 542 million years ago untill present |
Phanerozoic |
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Appearance of trilobites and other small, shelly frauna |
Boundary |
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Phanerozic Eon makes ______ appear. |
Life |
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First fish, insects, plants appear in what era? -542- 248 million years ago -Cambrian period to Permian extinction |
Paleozoic Era |
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Age of Dinosaur appears in what era? -248-65 million years ago -From Triassic Period to Cretaceous period |
Mesozoic Era |
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Whales, Apes, and homonids appear in what era? - 65- to present -Paleocene Epach to Holocene Epoch |
Cenozoic Era |
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What era does all this happen in? - Mammals appear in the mesozoic, but this era is dominated by dinasours -Radical change in climate causes extinction of dinosaurs -older mammals also die out at K-T boundary - Absence of large predators creates opportunities for small, insect eating animals. -Warm climate continues to cool |
Cenozoic |
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During the origins of primates - Earth is ______ - Animals exist further _______ and further _______ of the equator.
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Warmer North and south |
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Primates precursor diverges _______ mya according to the dna analysis. |
63 |
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first major worldwide division of rocks and time of the Paleogene Period, spanning the interval between 66 million and 56 million years ago. |
Paleocene Epoch |
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formerely recent epoch that has been covering approximately the last 11,700 years of the Earth’s history. |
Holocene Epach |
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_______ are like the mammals of the Paleocene Epoch. - any member of the group of animals that includes human beings, apes, and monkeys |
Primates |
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__________ is an extinct order of mammals. |
Plesiadapiformes. |
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second of three major worldwide divisions of the Paleogene Period (66 million to 23 million years ago) that began 56 million years ago and ended 33.9 million years ago. |
Eocene Epach |
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Ancestors of the ____________ (wet noses) are called? - Slow arboreal quadrupeds that eat fruit and leaves during day |
strepsinhines ,Adapoids |
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Ancestors of __________ (dry noses) are called? - Larger arloits than adapoids, probably fed at night |
Haplorhine ,Omomyoids |
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-Fully enclosed orbit -shortened face -frontal bones fused -Enlarged brain |
Haplorhines |
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- No postorbital closure -Smaller brains -Long face -Unfused frontal bones |
Strepshirhines |
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The authors say that Ida should be considered ancestral to both ________ (monkey, apes, humans) and ________ (lemurs, lorises, tarsiers) |
anthropoids and prosmians |
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What is the Grand coupure also know as? |
The big cut the great break |
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How many years ago was The Grand Coupure |
36 mya |
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The Grand Coupure ended the Eocene Epoch and started the _________ Epoch (33-23 mya) |
Oligocene |
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Third and last major worldwide division of thePaleogene Period (65.5 million to 23 million years ago), spanning the interval between 33.9 million to 23 million years ago. |
Oligocene Epoch |
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In Oligocene Epoch, The first ________ appeared |
Monkeys |
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Who are the common acestors of Monkeys? |
Eosimias |
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Old world monkeys share a common ancestors with the _____ about 25 mya. |
Apes |
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Old world monkeys had _______ mandables and _______ orbits because they can ________ while _________. |
fused, enclosed, chew a tougher diet, whie protecting their visions. |
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New world monkeys appear on what continent? |
South America( 25-30 mya). |
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Route across the oceon was not clean but the new world monkeys possibly could have __________. |
Rafted over |
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The new world monkeys had ________ and some with __________ tails. |
Flat noses, and Prehensile tails |
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Arboreal |
Living in trees |
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New _________ challenges requires new _________ forms. |
Enviornmental, adaptive |
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Monkesy are __ selected and rare in early ________ but abundant by ________. |
R, Miocene, Pliocene |
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is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP |
Pliocene Epoch |
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Early Apes appear around __ mya/ |
23 |
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Apes Diverge from monkeys between _____ mya. |
23-16
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is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about23.03 to 5.332 million years ago |
Miocene Epoch |
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Similarites between Monkeys and Apes |
-Both considered primates -Both considered intelligent -Both express human like emotions -Both have opposable thumbs and binocular vision |
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Nearly _____ of all the primates speices in the world are threatened by with extinction. |
Half |
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_________ diverge from gorillas, chimps, human clade. |
Orangs (about 14 mya). |
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________ diverge from chimps, human claude |
Gorillas (about 8.1mya). |
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________ diverge from chimps. |
Human (about 6 mya). |
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The genus evolved towards the end of these periods. |
Plistogene and neogene Periods |
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The first hominoids, anthropoids end early prosimians at the begening of this period. |
Paleogene Period |
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The first placental mammals appeared this period. |
Cretaceous Period |
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The first flowering plants and the first mammals and bird appeared during these period |
Jurassic Period and Triassic Period and Permian period |
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The first coniferous trees and reptiles and insects appeared during this period. |
Carbonifeorous period |
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The first amphibians and land plants and first bony fish appeared during this period. |
Devonian Period |
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The first fish with jaws appeared during this period. |
Silurian Period |
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The first virtabrates and armored fish without jaws appeared duing this period. |
Ordovician Period |
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Invertabrate fossils, molluscs, crustaceans, echinodermate appeared during this period. |
Cambrian Period |
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First fossiliesed animals and plants; protozoa, spounges, corals, and algie, and fossiled bacteria appeared during this age |
Pre cambrian periods |
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The four eras are... and what order they come in? |
Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, and Proteralzoic |
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Expansion by single group of organisms into a diveresed aray of forms is called |
adaptive radiation |
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What era is the majority of earth's history in? |
Proteralzoic Era |
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Th epochs during the cenozoic era are |
Plistogene, neogene, and paleogene |
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The epochs during the mesozoic era are |
cretaceous, jurassic, triassic epochs |
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The epochs during the paleozoic era are
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permian, carbonifoures, devonian, salorian, ordovicion,cambrian |
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The epochs during the proterozoic era are |
pre cambrian epoch |
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Beds of sediment deposited in water form as horizontal (or nearly horizontal) layers due to gravitational settling.
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Law of Original Horizontality |
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In undisturbed strata, the oldest layer lies at the bottom and the youngest layer lies at the top.
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Law of Superposition
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Horizontal strata extend laterally until they thin to zero thickness (pinch out) at the edge of their basin of deposition.
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Law of Lateral Continuity
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An event that cuts across existing rock is younger than that disturbed rock. This law was developed by Charles Lyell (1797-1875).
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Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships
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Fragments of rock that are contained (or included) within a host rock are older than the host rock.
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Principle of Inclusion
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The study of our closest living relatives, the primates ,for the purpose of understanding aspects of our own behavior |
comparative primatology |
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primate suborder that includes the lemurs, lorises, and galgos (the posimians) |
Strpsirrhini |
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primate suborder that includes the tarsiers ,monkeys,apes, and humans |
haplorrhini |
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primate superfamily that includes all monkeys found in the Americas |
ceboidea |
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primate superfamily that includes all monkeys found in Africa and Asia |
cercopithecoidea |
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all monkeys, apes, and humans |
anthropoids |
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member of the super family hominoidea |
hominoid |
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the division called a tribe, in the super family Hominoidea that includes humans and our recent ancestors |
hominin |
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methods of dating that provide us with assessments of a fossils age relative to other fossils |
relative dating techniques |
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methods of dating that provide a specific age of a fossil based either on analysis of a piece of the fossil itself or analysis of the rocks surrounding the fossil |
chronometric dating techniques |
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ability to generate and regulate internal body tempreture |
homiothermy |
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having different types of teeth |
heterodontism |
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retention of the fetus inside the body of the female through the course of its prenatal development |
internal gestation |
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ratio of brain to body size |
encephalization quotient |
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a group of early mammals though to be periphally related to primates |
pleseadapiformes |
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superorder of mammals made up of extinct pleseadaptiformes and the living orders Primates, Scandentia (the tree shrews), Chiroptera(the bats), and dermoptera(colugos) |
archonta |
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The order of geologic epochs |
Pleistocene(1.8 mya-10000 years ago),Pilocene(5-1.8 mya),Miocene(23-5 mya),Oligocene(35-23 mya), Eocene(53-35 mya), Paleocene(65-53 mya) |
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difference between the sexes of a species in body size or shape |
sexual dimorphism
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the ball and socket shoulder joint and the positioning of the scapula on the back allowing for 360 rotation of the arms |
brachiator anatomy |
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Fossil find considered an important link in human evolution until it was shown to be a fake in 1953 |
Piltdown Man |
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use of two legs rather than four for locomotion |
bipedality |
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methods of dating that provide us with assessments of a fossils age relative to other fossils |
relative dating techniques |