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338 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the shaft of long bones called? |
Diaphysis
|
|
What is the cartilage called at the end of long bones? |
Articular Cartilage
|
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What is the line in adult bone that is a reminisce of the growth plate called? |
Epiphyseal Line |
|
what is the periosteum in bone? |
outer layer of bone |
|
where is the endosteum in bone? |
inner layer of bone that lines the marrow cavity |
|
what's a compact bone? |
found along the shaft of long bones and the surface of most bones |
|
what is a osteon? |
The structural and functional unit of compact bone |
|
what is the central canal of a osteon? |
the hollow space in the middle |
|
what are perforating canals? |
connects one central canal of an osteon to another |
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what is a lamellae on an osteon? |
rings or layers coming off the the central canal |
|
what is lacunae in an osteon? |
tiny space between the lamellae |
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what is canaliculi in an osteon? |
canals that connect one lacunae to another |
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what is a osteoblasts in a osteon? |
cell that makes bone |
|
what is a osteocytes in a osteon? |
mature bone cell |
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where is spongy bone located? |
found in the ends of long bones, the body of vertebrae, the middle of cranial bones and the sternum |
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what are the thin boney plates that are the structural and functional units of spongy bone called? |
trabeculae |
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What is the growth plates found in long bones in children called? |
Epiphyseal plate |
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What is the epiphysis? |
End of the long bones |
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What is the cavity in the center of the diaphysis that holds marrow and blood vessels called? |
Medullary Cavity |
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What is fontanelles? |
fibrous membranes that connects the fetal skull bones |
|
What is the anterior fontanel? |
Front |
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What is anteriolateral fontanel? |
On the side towards the front |
|
What is Posterior fontanel? |
Back |
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What is posteriolateral fontanel? |
towards the back on the side |
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What are the cranial bones? |
Frontal bone Parietal bone Occipital bone Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone |
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What is the frontal bone? |
Makes up forehead, dome shape has the eye brow ridges |
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What is the juncture between the frontal bone and parietal bones called? |
Coronal/Frontal suture |
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What is the frontal sinus? |
hollow cavities right behind the eyebrows |
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What is the parietal bone? |
Dome shaped, has 2, no eyebrow ridges, meet going down the middle of the top of the skull |
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how do you differentiate the left from right parietal bones?
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the right angle should be front and center
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what is the sagittal suture?
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the junction that goes down the middle of the skull that connects the two parietal bones
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what is the squamosal suture?
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where the temporal bone lays on top of the parietal bone
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what is the occipital bone?
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some what dome shaped has a big hole in it
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what is the foramen magnum?
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the large hole in the occipital bone where the spinal chord goes
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what is the hypoglossal canals?
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opening in front of the occipital condyles
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what is the lambdoidal suture?
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where the occipital bone meets the parietal bone
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what is the occipital condyles?
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big lumps that interlock with the vertebrae
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what is the temporal bone?
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has a thin plate, oddly shaped, has a hole for ear
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how do you differentiate between the left and right temporal bones?
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zygomatic sticks out laterally and upward, looks like a Bluetooth
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what is the carotid canal?
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where the carotid artery goes next to jugular foramen
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what is the external auditory meatus?
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outer hearing canal
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what is the internal auditory meatus?
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inner hearing canal, inside the temporal bone
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what is the jugular foramen?
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the gap between the occipital bone and temporal bone where the jugular vein goes
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what is the mandibular fossa?
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indentation where the lower jaw hinges with the temporal bone
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what is the mastoid process on the temporal bone?
|
rounded lump of bone behind the ear
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what is the styloid process of the temporal bone?
|
needle like bone that the muscle of the jaw attaches to
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what is the zygomatic process?
|
sticks out and forward attaches to the cheek bone
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what is the ethmoid bone?
|
forms part of the inner eye socket
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what is the crista galli?
|
part that sticks up on the interior of the skull
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what is the ethmoid sinus?
|
makes up part of the paranasal sinus
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what kind of bone is this?
|
frontal bone
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what kind of bone is this?
is it left or right? |
parietal bone
left |
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what kind of bone is this?
is it left or right? |
parietal bone
right |
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what kind of bone is this?
|
occipital bone
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what is this hole being pointed out called in the occipital bone?
|
foramen magnum
|
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what is this hole called in front of the occipital condyles?
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hypoglossal canals
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what is this structure called on the occipital bone?
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occipital condyles
|
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what bone is this?
is it the left or right? |
temporal bone
right |
|
what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
temporal bone
left |
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what hole is this being pointed out on the temporal bone?
|
external auditory meatus
|
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what hole is being pointed out here in the temporal bone?
|
internal auditory meatus
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what is this hole being pointed out on the temporal bone?
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carotid canal
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what is this hole in the temporal bone?
|
the jugular foramen
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what is the indentation shown in the temporal bone?
|
mandibular fossa
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what is the part of the temporal bone being pointed out here?
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mastoid process
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what is this part of the temporal bone being pointed out here?
|
styloid process
|
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what part of the temporal bone is this?
|
zygomatic process
|
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what bone is this?
|
ethmoid bone
|
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what part of the ethmoid bone is being pointed out here?
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crista galli
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what is this part of the ethmoid bone being pointed out?
|
perpendicular plate
|
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what bone is this?
|
sphenoid bone
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what is the hole being pointed out here on the sphenoid bone?
|
foramen ovale
|
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what are the big structure being pointed out here on the sphenoid bone?
|
greater wings
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what is this indentation called on the sphenoid bone?
|
hypophyseal fossa
|
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what is this ridge called on the sphenoid bone?
|
dorsum sella
|
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what is this structure being pointed out on the sphenoid bone called?
|
lesser wings
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what is this hole being pointed out here on the sphenoid bone called?
|
optic foramen
|
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what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
zygomatic bone
right |
|
what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
zygomatic bone
left |
|
what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
maxillary bone
right |
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what is this hole called on the maxillary bone?
|
infraorbital foramen
|
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what bones are these?
|
Palatine bones
|
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what bones are these?
|
nasal bones
|
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what bone is this?
|
volmer
|
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what bones are these?
|
inferior nasal conchae bones
|
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what bones are these?
|
lacrimal bones
|
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what bone is this?
|
mandible
|
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what part of the mandible is being pointed out?
|
body
|
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what part of the mandible is being pointed out here?
|
coronoid process
|
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what part of the mandible is being pointed out here?
|
mandibular condyle
|
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what part of the mandible is being pointed out here?
|
mandibular foramen
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what is the indentation on the mandible called?
|
mandibular notch
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what is this hole called on the mandible?
|
mental foramen
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what part of the mandible is being pointed out here?
|
ramus
|
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what are these 7 vertebrae called?
|
cervical vertebrae
|
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what is this vertebrae called?
|
atlas
|
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what is this vertebrae called?
|
axis
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what are these 12 vertebrae called?
|
thoracic vertebrae
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what are these 5 vertebrae called?
|
lumbar vertebrae
|
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what part of the spine is this?
|
sacrum
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what are these holes in the sacrum called?
|
sacral foramen
|
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what part of the spine is this?
|
coccyx
|
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what part is this on the axis (c2)?
|
dens
|
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what bone is this?
|
hyoid bone
|
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what part of the vertebrae is being pointed out here?
|
body
|
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what part of the vertebrae is being pointed out here?
|
lamina
|
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what part of the vertebrae is being pointed out here?
|
pedicle
|
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what part of the vertebrae is being pointed out here?
|
spinous process
|
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what part of the vertebrae is being pointed out here?
|
transverse process
|
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what part of the vertebrae is being pointed out here?
|
vertebral foramen
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what part of the cervical vertebrae is being pointed out here?
|
transverse foramen
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what part of the cervical vertebrae is being pointed out here?
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bifid spinous process
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What part of the sacrum is being pointed out here?
|
sacral canal
|
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what bone is this?
|
sternum
|
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what part of the sternum is pointed out here?
|
manubrium
|
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what part of the sternum is pointed out here?
|
body
|
|
what part of the sternum is pointed out here?
|
xiphoid process
|
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what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
scapula
right |
|
what part is this on the scapula?
|
coracoid process
|
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what part of the scapula is this?
|
acromion process
|
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what part of the scapula is this?
|
glenoid fossa
|
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what part of the scapula is being pointed out here?
|
infraspinous fossa
|
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what part of the scapula is being pointed out here?
|
spine of the scapula
|
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what part of the scapula is being pointed out here?
|
supraspinous fossa
|
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what part of the scapula is being pointed out here?
|
subscapular fossa
|
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what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
clavicle
right |
|
what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
humerus
right |
|
what is the indentation on the anterior side of the humerus being pointed out called?
|
coronoid fossa
|
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what part of the humerus is being pointed out here?
|
head
|
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what part of the humerus is being pointed out here?
|
lateral epicondyle
|
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what part of the humerus is being pointed out here?
|
medial epicondyle
|
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what's the indentation on the posterior side of the humerus pointed out called?
|
olecranon fossa
|
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what part of the humerus is being pointed out here?
|
trochlea
|
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what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
radius
right |
|
what part of the radius is being pointed out here?
|
head
|
|
what part of the radius is being pointed out here?
|
neck
|
|
what part of the radius is being pointed out here?
|
radial tuberosity
|
|
what part of the humerus is being pointed out here?
|
styloid process
|
|
what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
ulna
right |
|
what part of the ulna is being pointed out here?
|
olecranon process
|
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what part of the ulna is being pointed out here?
|
radial notch
|
|
what part of the ulna is being pointed out here?
|
styloid process
|
|
what part of the ulna is being pointed out here?
|
trochlear notch
|
|
What is the sphenoid bone? |
looks like lightning bolts on the out side of the skull and a bat on the inside |
|
What is the dorsum sella? |
The ridge that sticks up on the sphenoid bone |
|
What is the foramen lacrum on the sphenoid bone?
|
posterior to the foramen ovale, carotid artery dumps into here
|
|
what is the foramen ovale on the sphenoid? |
oval shaped hole |
|
What is the greater wing on the sphenoid? |
inside large wing |
|
What is the hypophyseal fossa on the sphenoid? |
groove/indentation in front of the dorsum sella where the pituitary gland sits |
|
What is the lesser wing in the sphenoid? |
smaller pointy wings |
|
What is the optic foramen in the sphenoid? |
where the optic nerve goes under the lesser wing |
|
What is the sella turcica on the sphenoid? |
entire region that includes dorsum sella and hypophyseal fossa |
|
What is the sphenoidal sinus on the sphenoid? |
paranasal sinus in the body of the bone |
|
What is the zygomatic bone? |
makes up the cheek bone, and the part that is smooth and curved makes up part of the eye socket |
|
How do you differentiate the left zygomatic bone from the right? |
look for the sail boat |
|
What is the maxillary bone? |
structure that makes up the upper jaw |
|
What is the incisive fossa on the maxillary? |
the hole behind the top front teeth |
|
What is the infraorbital foramen on the maxillary? |
hole below the eye socket |
|
What is the maxillary sinus? |
makes up part of the sinus |
|
What is the palatine bones? |
Make up the roof of your mouth only L shaped bones |
|
What are the nasal bones? |
where the bridge of the nose is |
|
What is the vomer? |
extends above the roof of the mouth, other bone that makes up the nasal septum, very thin |
|
what is the inferior nasal conchae bones? |
little bones that curve up into nasal cavity, help supply surface area |
|
What is the lacrimal bone? |
thin and delicate has the nasolacrimal duct |
|
What is the nasolacrimal duct? |
where the tears drain into the nasal cavity |
|
What is the mandible? |
lower jaw |
|
What is the body of the mandible? |
the horizontal part of the bone |
|
What is the coronoid process on the mandible? |
point at the top of the jaw towards the front |
|
What is the mandibular condyle? |
where the lower jaw articulates with the temporal bone |
|
What is the mandibular foramen? |
inside the mandible on the sides |
|
What is the mandibular notch? |
the space between the mandibular condyle and coronoid process |
|
What is the mental foramen? |
small holes by the chin, where the cranial nerves go |
|
What is the ramus on the mandible? |
vertical part of the mandible |
|
What is the hyoid bone? |
only u shaped bone, only bone that doesn't attach to another bone |
|
What is the body of the vertebra? |
largest part of the vertebra |
|
What is the lamina of the vertebra? |
posterior side of the vertebra |
|
What is the pedicle of the vertebra? |
lateral walls, lateral to spinal chord |
|
What is the spinous process of the vertebra? |
Where the lamina come together, elongated stick out and downward |
|
What is the transverse process of the vertebra? |
The part that sticks out on the back sides |
|
What is the vertebral foramen? |
Where the spinal chord goes |
|
What are the 5 types of vertebra? |
Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx |
|
What is the atlas? |
C1 vertebra, supports the weight of your head, doesn't really have a body |
|
What is the cervical vertebrae? |
first 7 vertebra, all feature a transverse foramen some have a bifid spinous process |
|
What is the axis? |
C2 vertebra has a dens |
|
What is the Dens on the axis? |
sticks up, atlas goes around this what the atlas rotates on to move the head |
|
What is the thoracic vertebrae? |
The 12 vertebrae after the cervical vertebrae, all feature rib-articulating facets, long pointed spinous process |
|
What are the rib-articulating facets? |
indentations for ribs |
|
What are the lumbar vertebrae? |
The 5 vertebrae above sacrum, all are large with blunt or rounded spinous process |
|
What is the sacrum? |
5 vertebra fused into one, below the lumbar vertebrae, what the hip bone attaches to |
|
What is the sacral foramen? |
small holes between the fused bone |
|
What is the sacral canal? |
passage way that has nerves |
|
What is the coccyx? |
tail bone |
|
What is verteborsternal ribs? |
ribs 1-7, attaching the ribs in the back and to the sternum |
|
What is vertebrochondral ribs? |
ribs 8-10, attach ribs from the back to the cartilage that attaches to the sternum |
|
What is free-floating ribs? |
ribs 11 & 12, don't connect to anything in the front |
|
What is the sternum? |
3 bones fused into 1, breast bone |
|
What is the manubrium on the sternum? |
top part, looks like a cows head |
|
What is the body of the sternum? |
main part of the sternum |
|
what is the xiphoid process on the sternum? |
bottom part, does not fully ostify, very delicate |
|
What are the pectoral girdles? |
attach the upper limbs to the axial |
|
What is the scapula? |
shoulder blade |
|
How do you differentiate between left and right scapula? |
The spine of the scapula is posterior |
|
What is the acromion process on the scapula? |
Part that sticks out, what the collar bone attaches to |
|
What is the coracoid process on the scapula? |
small part that sticks out where some arm muscles attach |
|
What is the glenoid fossa on the scapula? |
where humerus attaches |
|
What is the infraspinous fossa on the scapula? |
below the spine |
|
What is the spine of the scapula? |
ridge of bone that runs horizontally |
|
What is the supraspinous fossa in the scapula? |
indentation above the spine of the scapula |
|
What is the subscapular fossa on the scapula? |
the indentation on the long part |
|
What is the clavical? |
collar bone, only s shaped bone |
|
How do you differentiate the left from right collar bone? |
the tubrical should be down |
|
What is the sternal end of the clavical? |
the broad end |
|
What is the scapular end of the clavical? |
flattened end |
|
What is the humerus? |
upper arm |
|
How do you differentiate between left and right humerus? |
Head plugs into body, big indentation should not be seen |
|
What is the coronoid fossa on the humerus? |
the indentation on the anterior side |
|
What is the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus? |
v shaped extends down to the middle |
|
What is the head of the humerus? |
the rounded part |
|
What is the lateral epicondyle on the humerus? |
subtle ridge has the "funny bone" nerve attached to it |
|
What is the medial epicondyle on the humerus? |
round part inside of the elbow |
|
What is the olecranon fossa on the humerus? |
indentation on the posterior end of the bone |
|
What is the trochlea on the humerus? |
the distal pointy end |
|
What are the two bones that make up the forearm? |
Radius and ulna |
|
What is the radius? |
has the circular head |
|
how do you differentiate the left from right radius?
|
the styloid process points to the thumb, tuberosity is seen
|
|
What is the head of the radius? |
circle part |
|
What is the neck of the radius? |
skinny part below the head |
|
What is the radial tuberosity on the radius? |
lump under the neck |
|
what is the styloid process of the radius? |
lump at distal end |
|
What is the ulna? |
cresent shape, U shaped notch |
|
How do you differentiate between left and right ulna? |
trochlear notch up , radial latteral, styloid process points to pinky |
|
What is the olecranon process on the ulna? |
big round part, sticks out of the elbow |
|
What is the radial notch of the ulna? |
where the radius rotates on |
|
What is the styloid process on the ulna? |
part sticking up that points to pinky at distal end |
|
What is the trochlear notch on the ulna? |
U shaped notch |
|
What is the carpal? |
wrist |
|
What bones make up the carpal? (name lateral to medial) |
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate |
|
What are the metacarpals? |
bones that make up the palm, numbered 1-5 starting at the thumb |
|
What is the phalanges? |
bones that make up th fingers, numbered 1-5 starting at the thumb and defined by relative position |
|
What is the pelvic girdle? |
attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton |
|
What is the os coxae? |
pelvic bone |
|
How do you differentiate left os coxae from right? |
Iliac crest up, acetabulum lateral, ischial tuberosity posterior |
|
What are the 3 bones that make up the os coxae? |
Ilium ischium pubis |
|
What is the ilium? |
top part, biggest part of your hip bone |
|
What is acetabulum on the os coxae? |
where the femur plugs into |
|
What is the greater sciatic notch on the os coxae? |
Where the sciatic nerve goes through, bigger indentation |
|
What is Iliac crest on the os coxae? |
ridge at the top |
|
What is the ischium? |
lower lateral half of the hip bone |
|
What is the ischial spine on the os coxae? |
under great sciatic notch, sicks out |
|
What is the ischial tuberosity on the os coxae? |
thick rough posterior part, what you sit on |
|
What is the lesser sciatic notch on the os coxae? |
smaller indentation under the ischial spine |
|
What is the pubis? |
lower medial half of the hip bone |
|
What is obturator foramen on the os coxae? |
The hole in the pelvis between the pubis and ischium |
|
What is the femur? |
thigh bone |
|
How do you differentiate left from right femur? |
head plugs into body, don't see condyles |
|
What is fovea capitis on the femur? |
dent in the head |
|
What is the greater trochanter on the femur? |
upper bump next to neck posterior side |
|
What is the head on the femur? |
rounded part |
|
What is the intercondylar notch on the femur? |
Indentation between the two condyles |
|
What is the lateral condyles on the femur? |
outer/lateral lump at distal end, articulates with the tibia |
|
What is the lesser trochanter on the femur? |
smaller lump under neck on the posterior side |
|
What is the linea aspera on the femur? |
edge runs down femur, muscles attach to |
|
What is the medial chondyles on the femur? |
inner side, same side as head articulates with the tibia |
|
What is the neck on the femur? |
narrow region below head |
|
What is the patella? |
knee cap |
|
What bones make up the lower leg? |
Tibia Fibula |
|
What is the tibia? |
bigger lower leg bone, shin, What condyles of the femur articulate with |
|
What is the medial malleolus on the tibia? |
makes inside lump of ankle |
|
What is the tibial crest on the tibia? |
ridge of bone in the middle |
|
What is the tibial tuberosity on the tibia? |
lump at top anterior side |
|
How do you differentiate left from right tibia? |
tuberosity forward, crest forward, medial malleolus on the inside |
|
What is the fibula? |
smaller lower leg bone |
|
How do you differentiate left from right fibula? |
lateral malleolus slants posteriorly, square part is proximal, tear shape part is distal |
|
What is the lateral malleolus on the fibula? |
outside part of ankle |
|
What is the tarsal? |
ankle |
|
What bones make up the tarsal? |
Calcaneous talus navicular cuboid cuneiforms |
|
What is the Calcaneous on the tarsal? |
largest tarsal bone, heal |
|
What is the talus on the tarsal? |
sits on top of the calcaneous, articulates with the tibia |
|
What is the navicular on the tarsal? |
directly in front of the talus, on big toe side |
|
What is the cuboid on the tarsal? |
outside part 5th and 4th metatarsal articulates with |
|
What is the cuneiforms on the tarsal? |
3 of these a distal intermediate and lateral, numbered from big toe |
|
What bones make up the foot? |
metatarsal phalanges |
|
What are metatarsals? |
make up body of foot, numbered 1-5 starting from big toe? |
|
What are the phalanges of the foot? |
toes, numbered 1-5 from big toe and by relative position |
|
what is olfactory foramina?
|
tiny holes next to the crista galli
|
|
what is the perpendicular plate?
|
the thin plate down the middle
|
|
what is the area between the pens called?
|
carpal
|
|
what part is in between the two pens?
|
metacarpal
|
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what's the part between the two pens?
|
phalanges
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
scaphoid
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what bone is being pointed out here?
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lunate
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what bone is being pointed out here?
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triquetral
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what bone is being pointed out here?
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pisiform
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what bone is being pointed out here?
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trapezium
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what bone is being pointed out here?
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trapezoid
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what bone is being pointed out here?
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capitate
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
hamate
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
2nd metacarpal
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
4th middle phalange
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what bone is this? Is it left or right? |
os coxae left |
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what is the area above the pen called?
|
illium
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what is this indentation called?
|
acetabulum
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what is this indentation called on the os coxae?
|
greater sciatic notch
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what is being pointed out here on the os coxae?
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iliac crest
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what part is in the section of pens on the os coxae?
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ischium
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what part is being pointed out here on the os coxae?
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ischial spine
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what part is being pointed out here on the os coxae?
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ischial tuberosity
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what part is being pointed out here on the os coxae?
|
lesser sciatic notch
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what part of the os coxae is between the pens?
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pubis
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what is the hole being pointed out here on the os coxae?
|
obturator foramen
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what bone is this?
|
patella
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what is the area between the two pens?
|
metatarsal
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what is the area between the two pens?
|
phalanges
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
calcaneous
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
talus
|
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
navicular
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
cuboid
|
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
3rd cuneiform
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
2nd cuneiform
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
1st cuneiform
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
4th metatarsal
|
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what bone is being pointed out here?
|
1st distal phalange
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what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
femur |
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what is this dent called on the femur?
|
fovea capitis
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what part is being pointed out here on the femur?
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greater trochanter
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what part is being pointed out here on the femur?
|
head
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what is this indentation called on the femur?
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interchondylar notch
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what part is being pointed out here on the femur?
|
lateral condyles
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what part is being pointed out here on the femur?
|
lesser trochanter
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what is this ridge called on the femur?
|
Linea aspera
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what is being pointed out here on the femur?
|
medial condyle
|
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what is being pointed out here on the femur?
|
neck
|
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what bone is this?
is it left or right |
tibia
left |
|
what part of the tibia is being pointed out here?
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medial malleolus
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what is the ridge called pointed out on the tibia?
|
tibial crest
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what is this lump called on the tibia?
|
tibial tuberosity
|
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what bone is this?
is it left or right? |
fibula
left |
|
what part of the fibula is being pointed out here?
|
lateral malleolus
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