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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of cartilage is this? What is A?
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Hyaline Cartilage
A is a chondrocyte in a lacunae |
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What kind of cartilage is found in the tip of your nose, ends of long bones, embryo/fetus, attaching ribs to sternum, and in trachea/bronchi?
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Hyaline cartilage
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What type of cartilage is this? What are A, B and C?
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Fibrocartilage
A - thick wavy collagen fibers B - chondrocytes C - lacunae |
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Where is fibrocartilage found?
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pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks, menisci/knee
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What type of cartilage is this? What are A, B and C?
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Elastic Cartilage
A - chondrocyte B - elastin C - lacunae |
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Where is elastic cartilage found?
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ears, epiglottis, eustachian tubes
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Which is stronger, spongy or compact bone?
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compact
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Where is compact bone found?
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covering entire bone and in the diaphysis
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The components of compact bone tissue are arranged into repeating units called __________.
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osteons
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Osteons consist of
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a central canal, osteocyte/lacunae, lamellar rings, canaliculi
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Spongy bone consists of lamellae called...
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trabeculae
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trabeculae are....
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bony islands that have fused together in a lattice pattern
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what are the spaces of spongy boney tissue filled with?
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red blood marrow where hemopoeisis occurs and adipose connective tissue
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what does hemopoeisis mean?
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production of blood cells
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What type of tissue is this? What are A, B and C?
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Compact bone
A - lacunae with an osteocyte B - central/haversian canal C - canaliculi that contain pseudopods of osteocytes so that they can give nutrients and take away wastes. |
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What is this? What are A, B, C and D?
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Osteon
A - osteocyte B - pseudopods C - blood vessels, lymph, nerve in central canal D - lacunae |
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What is this? What are A, B and C?
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Osteon
A - Osteon B - periosteum C - osteocyte/lacunae |
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What is the function of the periosteum?
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contains osteoclasts/osteoblasts for growth/remodel
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What is the function of the endosteum?
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contains osteoclasts/osteoblasts for growth/remodel
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what is the function of the diaphysis?
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shaft, compact bone, strength
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What is the function of the epiphysis and what is it primarily made up of?
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ends of bone, primarily spongy bone, red blood marrow
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what is the function of the epiphyseal plate and what type of cartilage is it made up of?
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growth plate, hyaline cartilage
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what is the function of the medullary cavity?
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it's the hollow portion of diaphysis, contains red blood marrow, yellow blood marrow
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what is the function of red blood marrow?
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hemopoieisis, produces all blood cells
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what is the function of yellow blood marrow?
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stored triglycerides, stored energy
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what is the function of articulating cartilage and what type of cartilage is it made of?
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decreases friction, covers ends, hyaline cartilage
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Name the parts of this bone.
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A - prosimal epiphysis
B - diaphysis C - distal epiphysis |
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name the parts of the diaphysis
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A - compact bone
B - medullary cavity where RBM and YBM is contained |
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Which type of blood marrow do children have and which type do adults have?
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adults - yellow
children - red |
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What are the four zones of the epiphyseal plate? What direction do they run?
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resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, calcified matrix - in the proximal end, in reverse alphabetic order, in the distal end, in alphabetic order
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the process in which cartilage is replaced by bone is called what?
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endochondral ossification
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where does endochondral ossification occur?
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in the epiphyseal plates of long bones
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endochondral ossification is responsible for bone doing what?
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growing
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what hormone stimulates growth at the epiphyseal plates?
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human growth hormone hGH
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what are the two methods of bone formation?
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intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification
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Which bones are made by intramembranous ossification?
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clavicle, mandible, skull bones
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in which type of ossification are capillaries present?
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intramembranous
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In which type of ossification does the process begin with hyaline cartilage because there are no capillaries, and end with spongy bone once capillaries enter the diaphysis?
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endochondral
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In which type of ossification is spongy bone made directly?
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intramembranous
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where is calcitonin produced?
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parafollicular cells in thyroid gland
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what are the target cells for calcitonin?
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osteoclasts in bone
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what do osteoclasts do?
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crush bone to distribute Ca to blood OR shttle Ca from blood to bone
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what does calcitonin do to osteoclasts to do in the event of high blood Ca?
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inhibits them, stops bone resorption (destruction) and increases Ca deposit into bone from blood
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what is the stimulus for release of calcitonin?
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high blood Ca
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what is the stimulus for parathyroid hormone?
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low blood Ca
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what is the production site for PTH?
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parathyroid gland
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what are the target cells for PTH?
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1) osteoclasts in bone 2)kidney
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what does PTH stimulate osteoclasts to do?
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stimulates bone resorption (destruction)
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what does PTH stimulate the kidneys to do?
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decrease Ca loss in urine
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What is the overall response to the hormone PTH?
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increase in blood Ca
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What is the overall response to the hormone calcitonin?
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decrease in blood Ca
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what are the target cells for the hormone calcitriol?
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intestinal cells
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describe the role of calcitriol at it's target cells
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increase calcium absorption from food
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What type of fibers does hyaline cartilage have?
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type II collagen
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what type of fibers does elastic cartilage have?
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type II collagen, elastin
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what type of fibers does fibrocartilage have?
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type I collagen
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which cartilage is the least abundant?
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fibrocartilage
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what type of cartilage is the most abundant?
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hyaline
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what are the properties of connective tissue?
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matrix of materials between cells
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what is solid but flexible support tissue?
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cartliage
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what are the classic features of cartliage?
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cells (chondrocytes), matrix, fibers
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how do chondrocytes within cartilage receive oxygen and nutrients?
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nutrients and oxygen from blood cells surrounding cartilage (connective tissue and synovial fluid) diffuse through matrix to reach chondrocytes
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what is the most abundant protein in the body and the main protein of connective tissue?
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collagen
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what is the function of osteons?
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structural unit of compact bone; resists fracturing with stress
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what is the function of osteocytes?
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maintain daily activities of bone and bone matrix
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what is the function of lamellae?
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rings of matrix that give bone strength
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what is the function of lacunae?
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cavity that holds osteocytes
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what is the function of canaliculi
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transports materials between central canal and osteocytes
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what is the function of the central canal?
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contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves for osteons
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what is the matrix within compact and spongy bone? What does it do?
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extracellular material with Ca deposits to make bone hard and inflexible
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what is the function of trabeculae
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structural unit of spongy bone; a network of calcified matrix, supports bone marrow, arranged to resist stress
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where are trabeculae found?
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spongy bone
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what are the five bone shapes
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long, short, flat, sesamoid, irregular
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what are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
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axial (trunk) and appendicular (appendages)
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how many bones are in the body?
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206
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what is the function of bone?
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support, protection, reservoir for minerals
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what does hypertrophy mean
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increase in bone density
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what does proliferating mean?
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bone growth
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what does bone remodeling mean?
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ongoing replacement of old bone by new bone tissue
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