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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Anatomy
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The bodily structure of a plant/animal or any of it's parts.
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Define Physiology
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The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.
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Name the 11 organ systems
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1. Integumentary
2. Nervous 3. Muscular 4. Skeletal 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10. Urinary 11. Reproductive (Male/Female) |
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The Integumentary System
Major Organs(4) |
1. Skin
2. Hair 3. Sweat Glands 4. Nails |
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The Integumentary System
Major Functions(3) |
1. Protect against environmental Hazards
2. Helps regulate body temperature 3. Provides sensory info. |
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Nervous System
Major Organs(4) |
- Brain
- Spinal Cord - Peripheral nerves - Sense organs |
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Nervous System
Major Functions(3) |
- Directs immediate responses to stimuli
- Coordinates activities of other organ systems - Provides/Interprets sensory info about external conditions |
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Skeletal System
Major Organs(4) |
- Bones
- Cartilages - Associated ligaments - Bone marrow |
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Skeletal System
Major Functions)3) |
- Provides support/protection for other tissues
- Stores calcium and other minerals - Forms blood cells |
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Muscular System
Major Organs(1) |
- Skeletal muscles and associated tendons and aponeuroses
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Muscular System
Major Functions(3) |
- Provides movement
- Provides protection/support for other tissues - Generates heat that maintains body temp. |
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Endocrine System
Major Organs(6) |
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid gland - Pancreas - Adrenal glands - Gonads (testes/ovaries) - Endocrine tissues in other systems |
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Endocrine System
Major Functions(3) |
- Direct long-term changes in the activies of other organ systems
- Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body - Controls structural/functional changes during development |
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Cardiovascular System
Major Organs(3) |
- Heart
- Blood - Blood vessels |
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Cardiovascular System
Major Functions(2) |
- Distribute blood cells, water, and dissolved materials. (ex. nutrients, waste, products, oxygen, and CO2)
- Distributes heat and assists in control of body temp. |
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Lymphatic System
Major Organs(5) |
- spleen
- thymus - lymphatic vessels - lymph nodes - tonsils |
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Lymphatic System
Major Functions(2) |
- Defends against infection and disease
- Returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream |
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Digestive System
Major Organs(10) |
- Teeth
- Tongue - Pharynx - Esophagus - Stomach - Small Intestine - Large Intestine - Liver - Gallbladder - Pancreas |
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Digestive System
Major Functions(4) |
- Processes/Digests food
- Absorbs/Conserves water - Absorbs nutrients (ions, water, & breakdown products of dietary sugars, proteins, and fats). - Stores energy reserves |
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Respiratory System
Major Organs(7) |
- Nasal Cavities
- Sinuses - Larynx - Trachea - Bronchi - Lungs - Alveoli |
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Respiratory System
Major Functions(4) |
- Delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs
- Provides oxygen to bloodstream - Removes CO2 from bloodstream - Produces sounds for communication |
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Urinary System
Major Organs(4) |
- Kidneys
- Ureters - Urinary bladder - Urethra |
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Urinary System
Major Functions(4) |
- Excretes waste from the blood
- Controls water balance by regulating volume of urine - Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination - Regulates blood ion concentrations/pH |
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Male Reproductive System
Major Organs(7) |
- Testes
- Epididymis - Ductus deferens - Seminal vesicles - Prostate gland - Penis - Scrotum |
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Male Reproductive System
Major Functions(1) |
- Produces male sex cells(sperm) and hormones
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Female Reproductive System
Major Organs(7) |
- Ovaries
- Uterine tubes - Uterus - Vagina - Labia - Clitoris - Mammary glands |
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Female Reproductive System
Major Functions(3) |
- Produces female sex cells (oocytes), and hormones
- Supports developing embryo from conception to delivery - Provides milk to nourish newborn infant |
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Define Homeostasis
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Maintenance of a stable set of internal operating conditions
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Homeostatic Regulations involve what 3 things?
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- Receptors
- Control Centers - Effectors |
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Define Receptors
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Monitors the environments and responds to changes (stimuli)
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Name 2 types of Homeostatic receptors
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- Interoceptors
- Exteroceptors |
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-Types of Receptors
*Interoceptors-(located internally) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Name the 5 Interoceptors and give examples of each |
- Baroreceptors(pressures)
- Chemoreceptors(pH, oxygen levels) - Thermoreceptors(temperature) - Stretch Receptors(in muscle) - Nociceptors(pain) |
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- Types of Receptors
*Exteroceptors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Name 5 types and give examples. |
- Mechanoreceptors(touch, hearing)
- Chemoreceptors(pH, taste, smell) - Thermoreceptors(Temperature) - Nociceptors(pain) - Photoreceptors(vision) |
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Define Control System
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Determines the set point at which the variable is maintained
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List the Control Centers
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- Brain
- Spinal Cord - W/in Organs *Pancreas *Thyroid gland *Digestive tract |
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Define Effector
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- Any structure that operates in response to signals from a control center.
- provides the means to respond to stimuli |
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Homeostatic Effector
List 3 examples: |
- Skeletal Muscles
- Smooth Muscles - Glands |
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Negative Feedback
1. Most common or uncommon? 2. Initiates an effector response that ______ that change. 3. List 3 examples |
1. Common
2. reverses 3. a. Temperature regulation b. Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels c. Regulation of pH |
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Positive Feedback
1. Most common or uncommon? 2. Initiates an effector response that ______ that change. 3. Examples |
1. Uncommon
2. Increases 3. a. Blood Clotting b. Labor Contractions c. Lactation |
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In positive feedback systems, the output ...
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enhances the original stimulus.
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In negative feedback systems, the output ...
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shuts off the original stimulus.
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Describe Anatomical Position
1. Body 2. Feet 3. Palms 4. Thumbs |
1. Erect
2. Slightly apart 3. Facing forward 4. Point away from body |
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"Anatomical Position" important in studying anatomy because
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it is the position of reference for anatomical nomenclature. (ex, anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, abduction and adduction)
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Directional Terms:
1. Superior 2. Inferior |
1. Toward the head
2. Away from the head |
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Directional Terms:
1. Anterior 2. Posterior |
1. Toward the front of body.
2. Toward the back of body. |
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Directional Terms:
1. Proximal 2. Distal |
1. Closer to origin of body part
2. Farther from origin of body part |
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Directional Terms:
1. Superficial 2. Deep |
1. Toward the body surface
2. Away from the body surface |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Anterior view from neck up" 1. Frontal 2. Orbital 3. Buccal 4. Mental 5. Nasal 6. Oral 7. Cervical |
1. Forehead
2. Eye 3. Cheek 4. Chin 5. Nose 6. Mouth 7. Neck |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Anterior view for Arm" 1. Acromial 2. Axillary 3. Branchial 4. Antecubital 5. Antebrachial |
1. Point of shoulder
2. Armpit 3. Arm 4. Front of elbow 5. Forearm |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Anterior view for Hand" 1. Carpal 2. Polex 3. Palmar 4. Digital |
1. Wrist
2. Thumb 3. Palm 4. Finger |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Anterior view of Upper Body" 1. Sternal 2. Thoracic 3. Mammary 4. Umbilical 5. Abdominal |
1. Breastbone
2. Chest 3. Breast 4. Navel 5. Abdomen |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Anterior view of Lower Body" 1. Pelvic 2. Pubic 3. Inguinal |
1. Pelvis
2. Genital region 3. Groin |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Anterior view for Legs" 1. Coxal 2. Patellar 3. Femoral 4. Crural 5. Fibular/Peroneal |
1. Hip
2. Anterior Knee 3. Thigh 4. Leg 5. Side of Leg |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Anterior view of Feet" 1. Tarsal 2. Pedal 3. Digital 4. Hallux |
1. Ankle
2. Foot 3. Toes 4. Great toe |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Posterial view from neck up" 1. Otic 2. Cephalic 3. Occipital |
1. Ear
2. Head 3. Back of head/Base of skull |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Posterial view of Arm/Hand" 1. Acromial 2. Brachial 3. Olecranal 4. Manus |
1. Point of shoulder
2. Arm 3. Elbow 4. Hand |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Posterial view of Upper Body" 1. Vertebral 2. Scapular 3. Dorsum/Dorsal 4. Lumbar 5. Sacral |
1. Spinal column
2. Shoulder blade 3. Back 4. Loin 5. B/W hips |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Posterial view of Lower Body" 1. Gluteal 2. Perineal |
1. Buttock
2. Region b/w anus/genitalia |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Posterial view of Leg" 1. Femoral 2. Popliteal 3. Sural |
1. Thigh
2. Back of knee 3. Calf |
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Name body parts from anatomical terminology.
"Posterial view of Feet" 1. Calcaneal 2. Plantar |
1. Heel
2. Sole |
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Dorsal Body Cavity 2 Subdivisions
1. 2. |
1. Cranial Cavity
2. Vertebral Cavity |
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What does the Dorsal cavity do?
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Protects the nervous system
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Cranial Cavity:
1. Located 2. Encases |
1. within the skull
2. the brain |
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Vertebral Cavity:
1. Located 2. Encases |
1. within vertebral column
2. the spinal cord |
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Ventral Cavity 2 Subdivisions
1. 2. |
1. Thoracic cavity
2. Abdominopelvic cavity |
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What does the Ventral Cavity do?
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Houses the internal organs (viscera).
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Thoracic Cavity
1. Contains |
1. Heart and Lungs
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Thoracic cavity is subdivided into:
1. 2. 3. |
1. Pulmonary cavities
2. Mediastinum 3. Pericardial cavity |
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Pulmonary cavities each house a
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lung
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Mediastinum is b/w
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the two pulmonary cavities
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Pericardial cavity surrounds
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the heart with the mediastinum
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Abdominopelvic cavity 2 subdivisions
1. 2. 2. |
1. Abdominal Cavity
2. Pelvic Cavity |
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The abdominopelvic cavity is separated from
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the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm
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Abdominal cavity contains the
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stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
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Pelvic cavity
1. lies within 2. contains the |
1. pelvis
2. bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum |
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The mediastinum contains what cavity?
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pericardial cavity
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Ventral Body Cavity Membranes:
Parietal serosa |
lines internal body walls
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Ventral Body Cavity Membranes:
Visceral serosa |
covers the internal organs
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Ventral Body Cavity Membranes:
Serous fluid |
separates the serosae
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Region containg fluid is called
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a "cavity" or "space"
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Name the regions of the abdonimopelvic cavity:
1. 12 o'clock 2. 1 o'clock 3. 3 o'clock 4. 5 o'clock 5. 6 o'clock 6. 7 o'clock 7. 9 o'clock 8. 11 o'clock 9. middle |
1. Epigastric region
2. Left Hypochondriac region 3. Left Lumbar region 4. Left Iliac (inguinal) region 5. Hypogastric (pubic) region 6. Right Iliac (inguinal) region 7. Right Lumbar region 8. Right Hypochondriac region 9. Umbilical region |
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic
Right Hypochondriac Region 1. 2. |
1. Liver
2. Gallbladder |
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic
Epigastric Region 1. |
1. Stomach
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic
Left Hypochondriac Region 1. |
1. Diaphragm
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic
Right Lumbar Region 1. |
1. Ascending colon of large intestine
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic
Umbilical Region 1. 2. |
1. Small Intestine
2. Transverse colon of large intestine |
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic
Left Lumbar region 1. |
1. Descending colon of large intestine
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic
Right Iliac region 1. |
1. Cecum
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic
Hypogastric region 1. 2. |
1. Appendix
2. Urinary Bladder |
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Organs of the Abdominopelvic
Left Iliac region 1. |
1. Initial part of sigmoid colon
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Name the four Abdominopelvic Quadrants
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1. Right Upper
2. Left Upper 3. Right Lower 4. Left Lower |