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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the two major interleukins released by the helper T cells?
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IL-2 and IL-4
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what does IL-2 do?
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stimulates maturation of cytotoxic T cells
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what does IL-4 do?
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stimulates maturation of B cells into plasma cells
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which cells contain MHC I?
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all nucleated cells
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which cells does the MHC I bind to?
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cytotoxic T cells ( CD8)
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which cells contain MHC II?
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antigen presenting cells, such as B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells
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which cells does MHC II bind to?
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helper T cells ( CD4)
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which cells are targeted by natural killer cells?
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Cells that lack self MHC
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what is HLA – DR?
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HLA – DR is a type of MHC 2. It is therefore only found on antigen presenting cells (macrophages, the sales, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells) and present antigens to helper T cells (CD4)
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what are HLA-A / HLA-B / HLA-C?
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They are types of MHC 1and therefore present antigens from inside the cell to cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
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what are opsonins?
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opsonins are products that fix components and therefore activate the classic complement pathway
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which antibodies are opsonins?
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IgG and IgM
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which antibody crosses the placenta?
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IgG
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which antibody is the most abundant?
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IgG
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which region of antibodies recognize antigens?
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Variable region
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what is the biochemical structure of antibodies?
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Two heavy chains, two light chains, joined by a total of four disulfide bonds
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which cell receptor does the HIV required to enter a cell?
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CXCR 4
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what is the major source of histamine in the blood?
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Basophils
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what is the major source of histamine in tissues?
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Mast cells
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what are the lymphoid organs?
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lymphoid organs are involved in the formation and maturation of lymphocytes
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what are the two primary lymphoid organs?
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Bone marrow and thymus
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what are the two secondary lymphoid organs?
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spleen and lymph nodes
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which antibody mediates type I hypersensitivity reactions?
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IgE
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what is the series of events in type I hypersensitivity reaction?
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IgE binds to antigen, which is then recognized by eosinophils which IgE receptors. Eosinophils subsequently release major basic protein which causes mast cells and basophils to release histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin
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which antibodies mediate type II hypersensitivity reactions?
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IgG and IgM, reacting to cell bound antigens
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what is a type III hypersensitivity reaction due to?
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Immune complexes, such as SLE or rheumatoid arthritis
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what is a type for hypersensitivity due to?
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Previously sensitized T cells, which release cytokines causing reaction
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when is tetanus toxoid ever given?
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In any wounded in patients with less than three doses of toxoid, greater than five years since last booster, or status unknown
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when is tetanus immunoglobulin ever given?
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dirty wounds in patients not immunized, or status unknown
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