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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medical Model |
perspective that views abnormal behavior patterns as derived from the medical model. |
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Psychological Disorder |
Abnormal behavior pattern that involves a disturbance of psychological functioning or behavior. |
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Abnormal Psychology |
The branch of psychology that deals with the descriptions, causes, and treatment of abnormal behavior patterns. |
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Determining Abnormality |
1. Unusualness 2. Social Deviance 3. Faulty perceptions or Interpretations of Society 4. Significant Personal Distress 5. Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior 6. Dangerousness |
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Trephination |
A harsh prehistoric practice of cutting a hole in a persons skull, possibly in a attempt to release demons. |
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Humors |
According to the ancient Hippocratic belief system, the vital bodily fluids. (phlegm, black bile, blood, yellow bile) |
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Medical Model "Ill Humor" |
Imbalance in humors, (he thought) accounted for abnormal behaviors.
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Asylums |
15 though 16th centuries started these madhouses started to crop throughout Europe. Not well treated. Certain ones you could buy tickets to watch these mentally ill patients like they were in a zoo. |
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Deinstitutionalization |
Late 1950's policy shifting burden of care with state hospitals over to community-based system setting in order to reform the mental health system. |
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CMHC's |
were charged with continual support care for former hospital residents who were released from state mental hospitals do to Deinstitutionalization. |
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Phenothiazines |
Reduced the need for indefinite hospital stays and permitted many people with schizophrenia to be discharged to halfway houses, group homes, and independent living. |
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Dementia praecox |
Term given by Kraepelin to the disorder now know as schizophrenia. |
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syphilis |
bacteria that causes disease directly invades your brain. |
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Hysteria |
a condition characterized by paralysis or numbness that cannot be explained by any underlying physical cause. |
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Psychodynamic Model |
Theoretical model by Sigmund Freud and his followers, in which abnormal behavior is viewed as the product of clashing forces within the personality. |
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Sociocultural Perspective |
Believe that abnormal behavior may be found in the failures of society rather than in the person. EX: (unemployment, poverty, family breakdown, injustice, ignorance) EX: (gender, social class, ethnicity, lifestyle) |
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Biopsychosocial model |
an integrative model for explaining abnormal in terms of the interactions of biological, psychological, and sociological factors. |
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Scientific Method |
A systematic method of conducting scientific research in which theories or assumptions are examined in the light of evidence. |
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Theory |
A formulation of the relationships underlying observed events. |
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Controlling Behavior |
(in this context) Using scientific knowledge to help people share their own goals and more efficiently use their resources to accomplish them. |
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Steps to the Scientific Method |
1. Formulating a question 2. Framing research question into a hypothesis 3. Testing the hypothesis 4. Drawing conclusions about the hypothesis |
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Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) |
Review proposed research studies in the light of ethical guidelines. |
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Informed Consent |
Principle that subjects should receive enough information about a experiment beforehand to decide freely whether to participate. |
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Confidentiality |
Protection of the identity of patients by keeping records secure and not disclosing their identities. |
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Naturalistic Observation |
a form of research in which behavior is observed and measured in its natural environment. |
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Correlation Method |
A scientific method of study that examines the relationship between factors or variables expressed in statistical terms.
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Correlation Coefficient |
A statistical measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables expressed along a continuum that varies between -1.00 and +1.00 |
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Longitudinal Study |
Type of correlation study in which individuals are periodically tested or evaluated over lengthy periods of time, perhaps for decades.
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Experimental Method |
a scientific method that aims to discover cause-and-effect by manipulating independent variables and observing the effects on the dependent variables. |
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Independent Variables |
Factors that are manipulated in an experiment |
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Dependent Variables |
Factors that are observed in order to determine the effects of manipulating other variables. |
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Experimental Group |
in a experiment, the group that receives the experimental treatment. |
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Control Group |
In a experiment, the group that does not receive the experimental treatment. |
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Random Assignment |
A method of assigning research subjects at random to experimental or control groups to balance these groups on the characteristics of people that comprise them. |
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Selection Factor |
A type of bias in which the differences between the experimental and control groups result from the differences in the type of participants in the groups, not from the independent variable. |
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Blind |
A state of being unaware of whether was has received an experimental treatment. |
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Placebo |
An inert medication or bogus treatment that is intended to control for expectancy effects. |
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Single-blind placebo control study |
Subjects are randomly assigned to treatment conditions in which they either receive an active drug (experimental condition) or an inert placebo (placebo-control condition) but are kept blind, or uniformed about what they receive. |
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Internal Validity |
The degree to which manipulation of the independent variable can be causally related to changes in the dependent variable. |
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External Validity |
The degree to which experimental results can be generalized to other settings and conditions
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Construct Validity |
The degree to which treatment effects can be accounted for by the theoretical mechanisms (constructs) represented in the independent variables. |
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Epidemiological Studies |
Research studies that track rate of occurrence of particular disorders among different population groups. |
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Survey Method |
A research method in which large samples of people are questioned by means of survey instruments. |
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Incidence |
The number of new cases of a disorder that occur within a specific period of time. |
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Prevalence |
The overall number of cases of a disorder in a population within a specific period of time. |
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Random Sample |
A sample that is drawn in a way that every member of a population has an equal chance of being included. |
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Genotype |
The set of traits identified by an individuals genetic code. |
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Phenotype |
An individuals actual or expressed traits |
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Proband |
The case first diagnosed with a given disorder |
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Twin studies |
research identified individuals with a specific disorder who are members of MZ or DZ twin pairs and then study the other twins in pairs. |
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Adoptee Studies |
Studies that compare the traits and behavior patterns of adopted children to those of their biological parents and their adoptive parents. |
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Case Studies |
A carefully drawn biography based on clinical interviews, observations, and psychological tests. |
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Single-case experimental design |
A type of case study in which the subject is used as his or her own control. |
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Reversal design |
An experimental design that consists of repeated measurement of a subjects behavior through a sequence of alternating baseline and treatment phases. |
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Critical Thinking |
Adoption of a questioning attitude and careful scrutiny of claims and arguments in the light of evidence. |