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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
abnormal psychology |
the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning |
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norms |
a society's stated and unstated rules for proper conduct |
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culture |
a people's common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology and arts |
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treatment |
a systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior |
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trephination |
an ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior |
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humors |
according to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning (yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm) |
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asylum |
originated in 16th century, to provide care for persons with mental disorders, became prison-like |
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moral treatment |
19th century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment |
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somatogenic perspective |
the view that abnormal psychological functioning has physical causes |
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psychogenic perspective |
the view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological |
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psychotropic drugs |
drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning |
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prevention |
interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they develop |
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positive psychology |
the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits and abilities |
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multicultural psychology |
seeks to understand how culture, race, ethnicity, gender and similar factors affect behavior and thought and how people of different cultures, races and genders may differ psychologically |
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managed care program |
a system of health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services |
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correlation |
the degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other |
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epidemiological study |
a study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study: 35-year study of 20K people in 5 cities to determine prevalence of many psychological disorders and treatment programs |
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incidence |
the total number of new cases that emerge during a given period of time |
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prevalence |
the total number of cases in the population during a given time period, both new and existing |
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confound
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in an experiment, a variable other than the independent variable that is also acting on the dependent variable, e.g., bias |
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quasi-experiment |
an experiment in which investigators make use of control and experimental groups that already exist in the world at large, also called mixed design |
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natural experiment |
an experiment in which nature, rather than the experimenter, manipulates an independent variable |
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analogue experiment |
an experiment in which the investigator produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts studies on the participants |
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double-blind design |
neither the experimenter nor the participant knows who is in control v. experimental group |
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Rosenthal effect |
the experimenter may have expectations that they unintentionally transmit to participants in their studies |
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single-subject experimental design |
a research method in which a single participant is observed and measured both before and after the manipulation of an independent variable |