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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 3 methods scientists use to study the natural world.
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1. observing
2. inferring 3. predicting |
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Give an example of an observation.
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The cat is black.
The mass of the block is 24 grams. The ball is round. The milk is sour. |
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Give an example of an inference.
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There is going to be a quiz today because the teacher has a stack of papers.
The television is gone so we must've been robbed. |
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Give an example of a prediction.
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The barometric pressure is dropping so it is going to rain.
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What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
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A physical change alters the form or appearance of the matter without changing the matter. In other words, it is still the same substance. A chemical change produces a new substance with new properties.
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Give three examples of physical changes.
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1. ice melting
2. salt dissolving in water 3. water freezing into ice 4. cutting wood 5. iron melting |
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Give three examples of chemical changes.
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1. iron rusting
2. silver tarnishing 3. wood burning 4. electrolysis of water to make oxygen and hydrogen 5. baking brownies |
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the smallest building blocks of matter
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atoms
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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
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qualitative - subjective opinion, no numbers (quality)
quantitative - a count or measure with numbers (quantity) |
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Give an example of qualitative data.
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The piece of metal is long.
The metal is shiny. The block is heavy. The honey is sweet. |
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Give an example of quantitative data.
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The piece of metal is 15 cm long.
The block has a mass of 36 grams. |
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Give a positive effect technology has had on society.
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We can travel farther and faster.
We have instant access to information. |
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Give an example of a negative effect technology has had on society.
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There are car/plane accidents. People don't take time to enjoy the small stuff and are always in a hurry.
We spend more time on the computers and less time active or interacting with other people. |
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Why should there only be one independent or manipulated variable tested at a time?
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If more than one variable is tested at a time, you won't know which one had the effect.
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Why is mass used more than weight in science?
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Mass doesn't change. Weight is affected by gravitational pull and changes.
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How does distillation work to separate a mixture into its components?
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separated by boiling points - A liquid is boiled, and different materials boil at different temperatures. The evaporated material is then cooled or condensed.
This is how crude oil is separated into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel etc... |
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Give 2 ways mixtures are different from compounds.
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1. Compounds are pure substances. Mixtures are not pure substances.
2. Compounds are chemically combined like hydrogen and oxygen make water or sodium and chlorine make salt. Mixtures are physically combined and can be separated easily. 3. Each substance in a mixture keeps its original properties. In a compound there is a new substance with new properties. 4. The proportions of a mixture can vary. A compound always has the same proportions. |
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What is the difference between an endothermic and exothermic change?
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Endothermic takes in heat or energy while exothermic gives off heat or energy.
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Give an example of an endothermic change.
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ice melting
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Give an example of an exothermic change.
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a fire burning
warming by a fire |
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Why is your weight different on the moon?
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The moon is 1/6 the size of the Earth and has less gravitational pull. Weight is a measure of gravitational pull.
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What is density?
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mass/volume
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What is volume?
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the amount of space an object takes up
- 2 liter bottle |
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On which axis do you place the independent or manipulated variable?
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X axis - horizontal (bottom)
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Every physical or chemical change in matter includes a change in what?
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energy
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How do you determine if a hypothesis is testable?
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The scientist has to be able to make a prediction that they can observe and measure during experimentation.
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What is the basic unit of length in metric?
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meter
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What is the basic unit of volume in metric?
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liter
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What is the basic unit of mass in metric?
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gram
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What is the basic unit of temperature in metric?
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degrees Celsius
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What is the name of the system of measurement used by scientists worldwide?
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SI - System International
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How do you find the volume of an irregularly shaped solid?
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water displacement
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What is the curved surface of a liquid in a graduated cylinder?
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meniscus
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Name the 6 steps in a technology desin process.
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1. Identify a need.
2. Research the problem. 3. Design a solution. 4. Build a prototype. 5. Troubleshoot and redesign. 6. Communicate the solution. |
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Define constraint.
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a limit or a restriction to a design - cost
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Define trade-off.
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an exchange in which one benefit is exchanged for another
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Define troubleshooting.
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analyzing and identifying causes of problems
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Are CO and CO2 the same compound? Why not?
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no - different properties
CO - carbon monoxide - 1 oxygen CO2 - carbon dioxide - 2 oxygens |
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Give 2 physical properties
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color, hardness, texture, phase, freezing point, boiling point
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Give 2 chemical properties.
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will it burn, will it rust, will it tarnish
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What are the two major types of mixtures?
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homogeneous - same throughout
heterogeneous - can see different parts |
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Give an example of a homogeneous mixture.
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a solution like saltwater or sugar and water, the air, brass (mixture of two metals - copper and zinc)
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Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture.
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suspension like vinegar and oil salad dressing, soil, sand and water, a salad
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Why are models important to science?
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Sometimes things are too big or small to be directly observed. A model represents something.
An example is a model of an atom or a model of global climate change. |
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Find the density of a solid metal that is 43.5 grams and a volume of 15 cm cubed.
How do you tell if it sinks or floats? |
D = m/v
D = 43.5 grams/15cc = 2.9 grams/cc compare to density of water which is 1 gram/cc less than 1 gram/cc will float more than 1 gram/cc will sink |
