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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
彼は20代で会社を作り、30代で、大金持ちになった。
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In his 20s he built a company, and in his 30s he became a very wealthy person.
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10/20/30/etc. + 代
"one's teens/twenties/ thirties/etc." The suffix 代 is used with ten or its multiples to describe someone's approximate age. |
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1980年代の後半から1990年代の初めにかけての日本の経済は「バブル経済」と呼ばれている。
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Japan's economy from the last half of the 1980s to the beginning of the 1990s is called "bubble economy."
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1900/1910/1920/etc. + 年代
"1990s/1910s/1920s/etc." the suffix 代 is used with 10 or its multiples and 年 to refer to a certain decade. |
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日本では秋になると仕事の面接に行くスーツ姿の学生が増える。
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When it turns to fall in Japan, students wearing suits for going to job interviews increases.
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N (の)姿
"in ~; wearing ~; 姿 means "appearance; figure". It is used to describe someone's external appearance, i.e. someone's form or physical form or physical appearance; someone's appearance in certain clothing; or the ay someone appears when he/she is doing something. |
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母が病気で苦しむ姿を見て、私は将来医者になろうと心に決めた。
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Seeing the way my mother suffered from illness, I decided in my heart to become a doctor in the near future.
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V–plain.non–past 姿
"the way one V" 姿 means "appearance; figure". It is used to describe someone's external appearance, i.e. someone's form or physical form or physical appearance; someone's appearance in certain clothing; or the ay someone appears when he/she is doing something. |
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今日は朝から、雨が降ってはやみ、降ってはやみしていて嫌な天気だ。
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From morning today, it rained and stopped and rained and stopped over and over again; it was nasty weather.
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V1–te は V2
"V1 and V2 repeatedly/over and over again/many times/etc." The construction of VteはV is used when a set of actions is repeated over a period of time. It can be said once, or repeated, as here. |
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子供の頃は、毎年夏休みになると、家族と海に泳ぎに行ったものだ。
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During my childhood, ever summer break my family and I would go to swim in the sea.
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V–plain.non–past ものだ
"used to ~; would" V–plain.past ものだ is used to describe in a nostalgic fashion what someone did or what happened in the past |
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毎日日本語で話すようにしていると、だんだん上手に話せるようになりますよ。
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If you are trying to speak in Japanese every day, you will gradually become able to speak skillfully.
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だんだn
"gradually; little by little; bit by bit" だんだん is used to indicate that a state changes gradually. Thus, it often occurs with ~ていく; 〜てくる;〜くなる;〜になる;〜ようになる |
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暖かくなるにつれて、雪が溶け、木が緑になっていく。
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With it becoming warm, the snow will melt and the trees will turn green.
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V–non–past.aff につれて
"as ~; with ~" Xにつれて indicates that omething takes place as X occurs. X can be either a verb or the stem of a suru–V. |
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技術の進歩につれて、私達の生活は便利になった。
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With the progress of technology our lives became more convenient.
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Nにつれて
"as ~; with ~" Xにつれて indicates that omething takes place as X occurs. X can be either a verb or the stem of a suru–V. |
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今日中にこのレポートを書き上げてしまわなければならない。
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Before today is over I must finish writing up this report.
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書き上げる
transitive "to write out or down; to finish writing" Affixed to the end of masu–stems of verbs, 上げる forms compound verbs, adding meanings such as "finish something up," "upward," or "to a great extent." The meaning is determined by the preceeding verb. |
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この荷物は重すぎて誰も持ち上げることは出来ない。
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This luggage is too heavy, nobody can lift it up.
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持ち上げる
transitive "1: to elevate; to raise; to lift up; 2: to flatter; to extol; to praise to the sky" Affixed to the end of masu–stems of verbs, 上げる forms compound verbs, adding meanings such as "finish something up," "upward," or "to a great extent." The meaning is determined by the preceeding verb. |
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日本語を勉強している学生が、自分達で日本語のブログサイトを立ち上げた。
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The Japanese language students started up a Japanese blog site all by themselves.
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立ち上げる
(V–masu 上げる) transitive "to start (something); to start up; to boot (a computer)" Affixed to the masu–stems of verbs, 上げる forms compound verbs, adding meanings such as "finish something up," "upward" or "to a great extent." the meaning is determined by the preceding verb. |
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泥棒はコンビニの店員を縛り上げて、レジのお金を盗んで行った。
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The thief tied up the convenience store clerk, then went and stole money from the register.
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縛り上げる
(V–masu 上げる) transitive ”to bind (tie) up” Affixed to the masu–stems of verbs, 上げる forms compound verbs, adding meanings such as "finish something up," "upward" or "to a great extent." the meaning is determined by the preceding verb. |
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この岩を磨き上げてください。
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Please polish up this rock.
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磨き上げる
(V–masu 上げる) transitive "to polish up; to shine up" Affixed to the masu–stems of verbs, 上げる forms compound verbs, adding meanings such as "finish something up," "upward" or "to a great extent." the meaning is determined by the preceding verb. |
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2行目から10行目まで、読み上げた。
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I read loud and clearly lines 2–10.
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読み上げる
(V–masu 上げる) transitive "to read out loud (and clearly); to call a roll" Affixed to the masu–stems of verbs, 上げる forms compound verbs, adding meanings such as "finish something up," "upward" or "to a great extent." the meaning is determined by the preceding verb. |
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会社への行きがけに銀行によって、お金をおろして行こう。
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On our way to the company, let's stop at (by means of) the bank and withdraw money.
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V–masu がけに
"on one's way" がけに is used with the masu–stem of motion verbs like 行く、来る、and 帰る to mean "on one's way." |
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日本に行ったら
英語は使わないでなるべく日本語だけで生活するつもりだ。 |
If I go to Japan, I plan on not using English and speaking just Japanese to live.
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N だけで
"just N (is fine/enough/etc.) N/Vだけで is used to express the idea that X or just doing X is fine or good enough or that one can do something just with X or by doing X. |
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この植木は2週間に一度水をやるだけでいいですよ。
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Just watering this plant once in two weeks time is enough.
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{V–plain.non–past/N} だけで {いい/十分だ/etc.}
"just with ~; just by V–ing (is fine/enough/etc.) N/Vだけで is used to express the idea that X or just doing X is fine or good enough or that one can do something just with X or by doing X. |
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「飲むだけでやせられる薬」などという広告は信じない方がいいですよ。
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It's better not to believe advertisements that say things like "just by taking this medicine, you'll lose weight!"
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V1–plain だけで V2
"just with ~; just by V–ing (is fine/enough/etc.) N/Vだけで is used to express the idea that X or just doing X is fine or good enough or that one can do something just with X or by doing X. |
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この読み物は、あまりにも漢字が多すぎて、何か書いてあるのかまったく理解できない。
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In this reading material there are way too many kanji, I can't understand what's written here at all.
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あまりに(も)
"too; excessively; so" あまりに(も) indicates that the degree of something is excessively high. It is commonly used in formal language. |
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隣の家のパーテイがあまりにうるさかったので、警察を連絡した。
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The next door neighbor's party was excessively loud, so I contacted the police.
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あまりに(も){A/Anaだ}
"too; excessively; so" あまりに(も) indicates that the degree of something is excessively high. It is commonly used in formal language. |
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あまりに便利な生活は、人間を駄目にすると思う。
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I think an excessively convenient lifestyle is not good for a person.
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あまりに(も){Adv/ANa/A–stem く}
"too; excessively; so" あまりに(も) indicates that the degree of something is excessively high. It is commonly used in formal language. |
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漢字を覚えるにはフラッシュカードを作るのが一番です。
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(It is my opinion that) in order to be able to memorize kanji, making flashcards is the best.
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V–plain.non–past.aff には
"to; in order to; for; for the purpose of; when" には indicates purpose in general statements (often stating the speaker's judgement about an action in terms of its effectiveness, convenience, necessity, etc.). には can also mean "when" (=時には). Verbs or nouns can precede には. Note that when ために is used, the predicate in the main clause describes an action. Such that: Xには Y, where Y is a judgment and never an action XためにY, where Y is an action and never a judgement. AND, XためにはY, where Y is a judgment, never an action |
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海外旅行には、このスーツケースを持って行くと便利ですよ。
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When you travel overseas, to take this suitcase with you will be convenient.
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N (of a VN, or direct object of する) には
"to; in order to; for; for the purpose of; when" には indicates purpose in general statements (often stating the speaker's judgement about an action in terms of its effectiveness, convenience, necessity, etc.). には can also mean "when" (=時には). Verbs or nouns can precede には. Note that when ために is used, the predicate in the main clause describes an action. Such that: Xには Y, where Y is a judgment and never an action XためにY, where Y is an action and never a judgement. AND, XためにはY, where Y is a judgment, never an action |
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先生の説明を聞いて、この言葉の意味はだいたい分かったけれど、まだ上手に使えない。
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Upon hearing the teacher's explanation, I mostly understood the meaning of this word, but I still can't use it skillfully.
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だいたいV
"mostly V; nearly V; almost V" だいたい means "most, almost, nearly (all), approximate." The meaning changes depending on what it modifies. |
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この大学では、だいたいの学生がアルバイトをしている。
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At this university, most students have part time jobs.
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だいたいの N
"most N; almost all N; approximate N; rough N" だいたい means "most, almost, nearly (all), approximate." The meaning changes depending on what it modifies. |
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だいたいの数は分かりますが、正確な数は調べてみないと分かりません。
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I know the approximate number, but if I don't look it up I don't know the accurate number.
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だいたい number/amount
"approximately number/amount" だいたい means "most;almost; nearly(all); approximate." The meaning changes depending on what だいたい modifies. |
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7時から大学ホールにおいて学生会議が行います。
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The student meeting will occur in the University Hall from 7:00.
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N1 において V
"in;at;on;during" The compound particle における indicate the place or time of an action, event, or state. The pre–verbal form is において. Both are used only in formal language. |
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アジアにおける歴史に関する問題は、解決が難しそうです。
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Problems related to history in asia are seemingly difficult to find a resolution for.
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N1 における N2
"in;at;on;during" The compound particle における indicate the place or time of an action, event, or state. The pre–verbal form is において. Both are used only in formal language. |
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暑いのは好きではないが、寒いのもまた苦手だ。
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I don't like heat, but I also dislike the cold.
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もまた
"as well; also; too" In this usage もまた means the same as も; however it is more emphatic and formal than も. |
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なんだ、まだ宿題終わってないの。早くしないと、授業がはじまっちゃうよ。
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oh, you haven't finished your homework yet?! If you don't finish quickly, class will start (before you're done)!
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なんだ
"oh!" The literal meaning of なんだ is "What is X?" However it can also be used to express the speaker's slight surprise。 Used only in very casual conversation. |
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ほら、これ、見て。リリーが子犬の時の写真。かわいいねえ。
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Come on, look at this! It's a picture from when Lily was a puppy. Cute, huh?
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ほら
"Look!; See?; Come on!" The interjection ほら can be used to draw the hearer's attention to something. Only used in very casual conversation. |