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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where are cell structures found? |
In plant and animal cells |
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Three organelles an animal cell has that a plant cell doesn't |
Lysosomes
Flagella
Cilia |
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Three organelles a plant cell has that an animal cell doesn't |
Central Vacuoles
Chloroplast
Cell Wall |
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What is a celll? |
Is the basic unit of life that carries out processes required for life |
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Who created the first compound microscope and in what year? |
Janssen (Dutch glass maker)
in the 1500's |
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Who was the first person to see cells under the microscope and give them a name? |
Hooke
*First observed dead cork cells |
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Leewenhoek's contributions |
More powerful lenses
*First described cells as 'animacules'
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He discovered that all plants were made of cells, which contributed to the development of the cell theory: |
Schleiden |
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What did Schwann say? |
"All living things are made of cells and cell products" |
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He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells: |
Virchow |
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Major types of cells |
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells |
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Main types of eukaryotic cells |
Animal and Plant cells
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Function of the cell/plasma membrane |
Is a barrier that controls what goes in and out of the cell.
*Angalogy= skin of the cell |
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Specific characteristic of cell membrane |
Is selectively permeable; this means is choosy about what comes in and out of the cell
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What is the function of the Cytoeskeleton? |
Functions: Support and shape the cell; give it strength; helps position and transport cell organelles; helps in cell division
-network if fibers
*Analogy= skeleton/bones |
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Structure of Cytoeskeleton |
Made up of microtubules (large) and microfilaments (small) |
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Function of the nucleus |
Control center of the cell. Houses DNA; tells the cell how to act
*Analogy= brain |
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Structure of nucleus |
Nucleolus
Nuclear Pores
Nuclear Envelope |
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Function of nuclear envelope and nuclear pores |
Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus |
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Function of nucleulous |
Make ribosome; stores RNA; is inside de nucleus. |
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What are ribosomes for? and where are they found? |
usually found attached to the rough er
they make protein |
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Purpose and structure of rough endoplasmic retriculum |
has ribosomes
helps make protein; helps transport materials throughout the cell
*analogy= maze |
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Purpose and structure of smooth endoplasmic retriculum |
It detoxifies substances (alcohol, medicines)
*Analogy= liver in the body |
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What does 'detoxify' mean? |
To make sth less toxic |
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Function of golgi apparatus |
Collects and packages protein and lipids in vesicles
Makes lysosomes
*Analogy= set of pancakes |
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How can you tell by looking at someone's cells whether or not they consume a large amount of medicine or alcohol on a regular basis? |
The more alcohol or drugs someone consumes, the more smooth ER they will have in order to detoxify the substances. |
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Mitochondria's function |
provides energy
ATP production
cellular respiration takes place here
*Analogy= comapa in tampico |
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How are liver cells different from muscles cells? |
Liver cells = detoxify substances = more smooth endoplasmic retriculum
Muscle cells = move, need energy = more mitochondria |
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What are vesicles and vacuoles for? |
to store and transport materials around and between the cell.
vacuoles store water to supply the cell |
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Lysosomes' function |
digest unwanted material
has digestive enzymes
*Analogy= stomach in the human body |
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Is cilia present in all types of cells? |
no; not present in plant and prokaryotic cells.
present in some animal cells |
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Flagella is present in what types of cells.. |
in some prokaryotic, animal and plant cells. |
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Cilia's function |
Helps things move past the cell. It covers the outside of the cell.
*Analogy= small hair |
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Flagella function's |
helps entire cell move from one place to another
*Analogy= legs |
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What is the cytoplasm for? |
Provides structure and to the cell
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Difference between cytosol and cytoplasm
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Cytosol: jelly-like subtance that fills the cell
Cytoplasm= cytosol + organelles (everything on the inside) |
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what is fluid? |
filled sacs that hold materials like water, nutrients, and waste. |
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Function and structure of cell wall |
it provides support.
Cell wall surrounds the cell membrane |
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pigment that makes plants appear green |
chloropyll |
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Function of chloroplast |
where photosynthesis takes place
sun ligh ir converted into sugar and oxygen (oxygen and glucose) |
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type of organisms that have prokaryotic cells |
single-celled organisms
like bacteria |
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function of peroxisome |
breaks down fatty and amino acids.
detoxifies poisons. if it detecs sth strange it catches it and terminates it
*Analogy= security guard of the cell |
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how are stacks of thylakoids called?
how is only ONE stack called? |
grana for many stacks
granum for a singular stack
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what is protein syntheis? |
process by which cells generate new proteins |
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what happen when an organelle dies? |
When organelles die, lysosomes move in and digest the organelle. |
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what is a centrioles and what's its function? |
are two small organelles inside the cell
they help the cell when it comes to divide |
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main function of endoplasmic retriculum |
to transport materials [intracellular highway]
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what is the cell wall made of? |
depends:
plants and algae- cellulose
bacteria - peptidoglycan
fungi - chitin |
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function of cell membrane |
Keeps everything inside the cell
controls passage of materials
forms a boundary between the outside and inside of the cell |
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what is mitosis? |
duplication of a cell. this reult in two new cells (daughter cells). |
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Definition of Fluid Mosaic Model
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describes plasma membrane as a fluid combination of cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates |
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what are cellular receptos?
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Proteins that detect a signal molecule (ligand) and perform an action in response |
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what is diffusion |
Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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what is tonicity? |
Is the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water. |
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types of tonicity |
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
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cell membrane components |
-phopholipid bilayer
-cholesterol
-carbohydrates
-integral and peripherial protein
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parts of a phospholipid |
-charged phosphate group
-glycerol
-two fatty acid chains |
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are the fatty acid chains in the phospholipid polar or non-polar? |
they are non-polar bc they are hydrophobic |
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structure of cell membrane |
it is composed of a phospholipid bilayer |
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characteristics of the fluid mosaic model |
flexible
proteins do not flip
molecules embedded make it appear like a mosaic |
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function of cholesterol in the fluis mosaic model |
it gives it strength |
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what are proteins for in fluis mosaic model? |
to help material pass through the membrane. |
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what are carbohydrate for in fluis mosaic model? |
they serve as tags to identificte one cell from another |
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types of receptors? |
intracellular and membrane receptors |