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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Forest efficiency |
-Eastern North America a vast forest. -Indian communities took adv of rich forest resources. -Indians developed settled forest communities. -small game, gathering, permanent settlement |
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Migration events populating the Americas |
-last Ice Age (maybe) -.Athapascan: ancestors Navajos and Apache’s migrated across the Great Plains to the South west - 3000BCE maritime hunting people crossed the Bering Straight in small boats. Inuits (Eskimo’s) colonized polar coats of Artic -pan American highway eastern range of Rocky Mountains |
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Beringia |
Land bridge, subcontinent of ice free to connect Asia and N. America |
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Maize |
-CORN: -1st cultivated maize abt 5,000 years ago -helped sustain one of the worlds greatest civilizations Staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilization |
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Mississippian Cultures |
-Farmers living in permanent community sites along the flood plains of the MI valley. -Cahokia was largest and most spectacular with monumental temple mounds, neighborhood, and surrounding farmlands |
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Desert Culture |
-way of life based on pursuit of small game and intensified foraging of plant foods. -small communities of foragers migrated seasonally within a small range -lived in rock shelters First permanently settled villages in N. America -stone tools, hide, object of wood and fibers preserved tools |
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Clovis/Folsom |
Clovis:long and narrow spearhead -emerged around 10,000BCE -new and powerful style of tool making -Clovis artifacts founds throughout N. And Central America |
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Indian Population Centers |
Population of the Western Hemisphere as a whole may have been 50 million or more -Rocky mountains -Great Plains -Central Lowlands -Appalachian mountains |
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Aztecs |
Native American empire that controlled present day Mexico until they were conquered by Spain |
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Mayas |
-most sophisticated and highly developed writing system -sophisticated in their art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical systems too. |
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Incas |
-largest empire Highly advanced South American civilization that occupied present day Peru until they were conquered by the Spanish in 1532 |
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Olmec |
-first major civilization in Mexico -their culture influenced many others later like the Maya. -known for immense stone heads they carved from a volcanic rock called basalt. |
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Renaissance |
-Intellectual and artistic flowering in Europe during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries sparked by the revival of interest in classical antiquity. -outlook was critical component of the inquisitive and acquisitive spirit that motivated the exploration of the Americas |
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Protestant Reformation |
-protesting and reforming the Catholic Church. |
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Protestant Reformation |
-protesting and reforming the Catholic Church. |
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Enclosure movement |
-turned into grazing land instead of giving tenant farmers (tenants out of countryside) -Consolidating small land holdings into larger farms, once enclosed, use of land became restricted and available only to owner |
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Colombian Exchange |
-Widespread biological exchange affected old and new worlds and marks beginning of modern era. -European diseases decimated Indian population |
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Martin Luther |
-Protestant Reformation: had to do with churches taking money for baptizing them. -salvation is reached through God and not through deeds |
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John Calvin |
-Protestant -est. a Protestant theocracy in Geneva. Formed Calvinism-believed in predestination |
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Sugar act |
-placed prohibitive duty in imported sugar provided for greater regulation of America shipping to suppress smuggling. |
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Stono rebellion |
-One of the largest and most violent slave uprisings during the colonial period that occurred in stone, S. Carolina. |
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New England economy |
Substance farming People began to move to cities and begin small trades |
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Middle colony economy |
Most diverse colony Many ways to make money |
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Southern Colony Economy |
-Headright system: if you large land owner and convince family or friends you get more land -Frontier -Large land estates -stable cash crops:major was rice tobacco wheat and grains |
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Bacons rebellion |
Rebellion against Berkeley (the Easton elite) because of lack of support during Indian raids in the backcountry (rich vs poor) |
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13 colonies |
Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, N. Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, S. Carolina |
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Quaker’s |
-founder George Fox -“that of God in every one” -all able to access the light within us. -traveled throughout Great Britain and overseas preaching about the gospel of Jesus |
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Virgina, Tobacco, Chesapeake |
-Chesapeake is located in Virgina and they had the highest profits and tobacco is why |
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Albany conference of 1754 |
-adopted the “plan of union” put forward by Benjamin Franklin a delegate from Penn. -a meeting held in Albany NY between the British and leaders of the Iroquois Confederacy -Iroquois left without agreement |
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Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay |
-settlers that escape religious persecution in England founded Plymouth now known as Massachusetts Bay. Those people are called Pilgrims |
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Declaration of Independence |
Signed by Patrick Henry, John Adams, Sam Adams, Ben Franklin, Paul Revere Signed on 4th of July |
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Mercantilism |
An economics system to increase a nations wealth by government regulation of all of the nations commercial interests; the colony existed only for the mother country |
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Chesapeake colonies |
Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, and Maryland |
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Restoration colonies |
Carolinas and Georgia |
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Stamp act |
A tax that the British Parliament placed on newspapers and official documents sold in the American colonies |
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Proclamation of 1763 |
From British government which forbade British colonist from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east . |
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Great awakening |
Spectacular emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s Period of huge religious revival throughout the colonies and sparked by a few strong religious speakers called the new lights |
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Triangular trade |
Trade between America, West Indies, and Africa which some colonies took adv of after the fall of royal african company and yielded great profits to its merchants |
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Intolerable acts |
Reaction to the Boston tea party; closing of Boston Harbor, revocation of Massachusetts charter murder in the name of royal authority would be tried in England or another colony. |
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BTP |
Protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston harbor |
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BTP |
Protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston harbor |
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Boston Massacre |
First bloodshed of the American Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing 5 Americans |
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Lexington and concord |
1st battle of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonist in concord Massachusetts |
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John Peter zenger |
German printer and journalist in New York City, he was accused of libel by William Cosby the royal governor of New York and John became a symbol for freedom of the press. |
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Easton Conference |
Colonial agreement in N. America between British and the chiefs during French and Indian war |
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Enlightenment |
Emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition, an intellectual movement |
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First continental congress |
Delegates from each of the 13 colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia to organize colonial resistance to Parliament Act |
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Second continental congress |
Met after the launch of the American Revolutionary War |
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Spanish Armada Defeat 1588 |
Duke if Medina Sidonia sent out 130 ships sailed from Corunna with purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England. |