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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
James Cook
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1768 Scientific Observer, First to see antartic fields & use chronometer (acurate timepiece) 2 plot reliable charts
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Charles darwin
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1831 Naturalist & Englishman who sailed around the world on the HMS Beagle
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Charles Darwins proposals and explorations
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proposed explanation 4 formation of atolls (coral reefs) & explored plankton & barnacles
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Charles Wyville Thompso
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led 3.5 year British Navy warship (The Challenger) 1872 for biggest and longest oceanic exploration (19years,50volumes took 2 publish)
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Stazione Zoologica
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The 1st permanent lab in Naples Italy by German biologists in 1872
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Marine Biological Lab at woodshole Massachussets
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Laboratory Initiated by US Fish commission and first in US American Labs
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Sound Navigation ranging developed in response to submarine warfare in WWII
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Sonar which utilizes echolocation was invented
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Scuba
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Seld Contained underwater Breathing Apparatus by Emile gagnan (cars)and improved by Jaques Cousteau (underwater)
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Technological crafts that expand our underwater range
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-high tech subs that descend to deep ends
-Alvin (mechanical arm and basket), computers and satellites |
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Induction
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One uses separate observations to arrive at general principles
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Deduction
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One uses reasoning from general principles to arrive at specific conclusions
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Scientific Method
(1) Observation |
that allows us to describe the natural world & leads to an induction to arrive at general principles (hypothesis)
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Scientific Method
(2) General hypothesis |
Must be able to be proven at least false and lead to deduction and specific hypothesis
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Scientific Method
(3) Specific hypothesis |
are just like a hypothesis but are more specific as to what is being tested
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Scientific Method
(4) Testing |
in experiments scientists create artificial situations to test hypothesis because they cannot make the necessary observations under natural conditions
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·Variables
·Controlled Experiment |
factors that might affect observations
An experiment where variables are prevented from affecting the experiment |
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Limitations of the Scientific method
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Science cannot make judgments about values, ethics or morality, Science cannot tell humanity how to use knowledge or technology it produces
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