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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Order: |
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera |
|
Wings |
None |
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Divisions |
Head, thorax, abdomen |
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Body shape |
Dorso-ventrally flattened |
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Number of segments in antennae |
3-5 segments |
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Type of parasite |
Obligate, permanent parasite |
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Specificity |
Host and site specific |
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What is the claw size of a louse related to? |
Fibre diameter |
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Can lice survive off a host? |
No, whole lifecycle is found on a host |
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Pairs of legs |
3 |
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Life cycle |
Egg stuck to hair No metamorphosis 3 nymphal stages |
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Length of life cycle |
2-3 weeks |
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Two taxonomic groups lice are divided into |
Anoplura Mallophaga |
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A = Anoplura B = Mallophaga |
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Anoplura: feeding strategy |
Sucking liceFeed on blood or tissue fluids |
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Anoplura: # of segments on antennae |
5 |
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Anoplura: shape of head |
Longer than broad and pointed |
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Anoplura: hosts |
Mammals only |
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Anoplura: three families |
HaematopinidaeLinognathidaePediculidae |
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Genera of Haematopinidae family |
Haematopinus |
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Genera of Linognathidae family |
LinognathusSolenopotes |
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Genera of Pediculidae family |
PediculusPhthirus |
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Anoplura: habitat |
Coarse hairs (mane, tail)Eggs readily visible |
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Anoplura: colour/size |
Large, black or blue |
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Anoplura: transmission |
Contact |
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Anoplura: treatment |
Topical or oral insecticide |
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Mallophaga: feeding strategy |
Biting liceFeed on epidermis, feathers |
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Mallophaga: shape of head |
Head broad, rounded |
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Mallophaga: antennae |
Thin, 4-5 segments |
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Mallophaga: hosts |
Mammals and birds |
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Mallophaga: habitat |
Fine body hairsEggs concealed |
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Mallophaga: colour/size |
Small, yellow |
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Mallophaga: transmission |
Contact |
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Mallophaga: treatment |
Topical only |
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Mallophaga: Genera with Mammal hosts |
DamaliniaHeterodoxusTrichodectesFelicola |
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Mallophaga: Genera with Bird hosts |
MenacanthusLipeurusGonioidesGoinocotes |
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Lice of the sheep |
Body louse: Damalinia ovisFace louse: Linognathus ovillusFoot louse: Linognathus pedalis |
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A = Damalinia ovis B = Linognathus ovillus C = Linognathus pedalis |
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Damalinia ovis: features |
Small yellow louse30% properties affectedMedium rainfall areas |
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Damalinia ovis: effect on host |
Feeds on stratum corneumHypersensitivityIrritation, rubbing"Pulled wool"Reduced wool production |
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Damalinia ovis: diagnosis |
Find lice on sheepPart wool and lookMinimum detection level 1000 lice per sheepLice colonial and photophobic |
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How long do D. ovis eggs take to hatch? |
10 days |
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How long is the lifecycle of D. ovis? |
35 days |
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How long can D. ovis live off the host? |
1 week |
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What is D. ovis affected by? |
TemperatureMoistureSunlight |
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Effect of temperature on D. ovis |
Optimum temperature 37 degAt low temperatures, eggs do not developAt high temperatures (above 39) few eggs are laidLower numbers in summer |
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Effect of moisture on D. ovis |
If humidity > 90%, eggs do not hatchHeavy rain can kill eggs |
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Effect of sunlight on D. ovis |
Exposure to sunlight kills liceShearing removes 30-50% of lice as lice are exposed to UV radiation |
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When should D. ovis be treated chemically? |
After shearing |
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What treatments are available? |
Dips: Organophosphates or synthetic pyrethroidsPour-ons: Synthetic pyrethroids |
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Linognathus pedalis |
Large blue louseFeeds on bloodFound on feet, scrotum and bellyCan develop at lower temperatures than D. ovisAttaches eggs to coarser hairs than D. ovis |
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What's special about L. pedalis? |
Can survive on pasture for 18 daysCan be transmitted through pasture |
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Linognathus ovillus |
UncommonFound on face |
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Lice of the goat |
Damalinia caprae Linognathus africanus & stenopsis |
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Lice of the horse |
Body louse: Damalinia equiSucking louse: Haematopinus asini |
|
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A = Damalinia equi B = Haematopinus asini |
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How is Damalinia equi transmitted? |
Contact |
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How is Haematopinus asini transmitted? |
Riding and grooming equipment |
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Damalinia equi |
Small yellow louseFound on sides of neck and flanks |
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Haematopinus asini |
Large dark louseOccurs on coarser diameter hairsSpecies can survive away from host for several days |
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A = Damalinia bovis B = Haematopinus eurysternus C = Solenopotes capillatus D = Linognathus vituli |
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Lice of cattle |
Body louse: Damalinia bovisSucking lice:Short nosed cattle louse: Haematopinus eurysternusTubercle bearing louse: Solenopotes capillatusLong nosed cattle louse: Linognathus vituli |
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Cattle sucking lice |
Maximum numbers in winterFound on head, neck, back, tailCauses rubbingLarger numbers in sick animals |
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Lice of the pig |
Sucking louse: Haematopinus suis |
|
|
Haematopinus suis |
|
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Haematopinus suis |
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Haematopinus suis: Lifecycle |
Eggs hatch 12-14 daysLice mature 12 days |
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Haematopinus suis: size |
Very large, mistaken for a tick |
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Haematopinus suis: pathogenesis |
May spread pig pox and swine feverCauses red welts on skin --> production loss |
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Lice of the dog |
Trichodectes canisHeterodoxus spinigerLinognathus setosus |
|
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A = Trichodectes canis B = Linognathus setosus C = Heterodoxus spiniger |
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Pathogenesis of Trichodectes canis |
Can act as an intermediate host for the "flea tapeworm" D. caninum |
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Lice of the cat |
Felicola subrostratus |
|
|
Felicola subrostratus |
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Felicola subrostratus |
Biting lousePointed headSeen on aged or sick cats |
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Significance of heavy lice infestation in cats |
May indicate underlying disease as cats are generally good groomers in health |
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Lice of poultry |
Many genera, all bitingMenacanthus Stramineus most common |
|
|
A = Menacanthus Stramineus B = Lipeuris caponis |
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Pathogenesis of poultry lice |
IrritationFeather lossPoor growthReduced egg production |
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Treatment of poultry lice |
Dust baths, aerosols, vaporisers |
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Lice of humans |
Head/body louse: Pediculus humanus, Pediculus capitis Pubic louse: Phthirus publis |
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Pathogenesis of lice of humans |
Vectors of typhus |