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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vocal tract develops most growth when? |
between birth and 4 years of age |
|
articulators role |
(1) alter shape of vocal tract, (2) create source of vibrational energy at some point in the tract above the vocal folds |
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Lips biomechanical properties |
mass- small relative to force available, viscosity- measurable but relatively small, elasticity- very large, muscle- fast twitch |
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mandible biomechanical properties |
mass- large, lots of inertia, muscle- large & fast |
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tongue biomechanical properties |
mass-negligible in relation to muscle forces available, viscosity- " " |
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most important articulator |
tongue |
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hydostat |
means that displacement in one area results in displacement in another without change in volume, composed mainly of muscles with no skeletal support |
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muscles that depresses mandible |
digastricus, mylohyoid, genioghyoid, lateral pteroygoid |
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muscles that elevate mandible |
temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid |
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what's unique about the elevator muscles of mandible |
only muscle of the mandible that have muscle spindles, providing feedback to the neuromotor system |
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extrinsic muscles of tongue |
provide major movements |
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intrinsic muscle of tongue |
involve shaping of the tongue |
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Elevates tongue tip |
superior longitudinal |
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depresses the tongue |
genioglossus (medial) hyoglossus & chonodroglossus (side) |
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deviates the tongue |
left to right (superior & inferior longitudinal) |
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protrudes the tongue |
posterior genioglossus |
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retract the tongue |
genioglossus for retraction into the oral cavity |
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antagonist muscle |
palatoglossus |
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compare velocity of movement of the tongue and the velum |
velum- velocity movement strongly affected by phonetic context. tongue- lingual movement velocity related to distance to be traveled |
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tensor veli palatini |
muscle of the velum that is not as active during speech, is more for swallowing & opening the eustachian tube |
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purpose of articulator movement of speech |
to control airflow simultaneously with changing vocal tract shape so that sound stream is created |
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airflow control |
aerodynamic phenomenon |
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shape control |
acoustic phenomenon |
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direction & velocity of air movement controlled in vocal tract |
controlled by changes in airway size |
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sound productions of lips |
b, p, m, w |
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sound production of teeth |
f, v |
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sound production of alveolar ridge |
t, d, s, z |
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sound production of hard palate |
r, j |
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sound production of velum |
k, g, n |
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plosive sounds |
p, t, k |
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resonator |
anything that vibrates will do so at a natural resonant frequency |
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formant |
band of frequencies at which vibration will occur with the greatest amplitude |
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what is the vocal tract function in terms of filter |
vocal tract will function as an acoustic filter because humans have the capacity to modulate which frequencies will be passed through and which frequencies will be attenuated by changing vocal tract |
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high front vowels |
i |
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low back vowel |
ae |
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mid front vowel |
e |
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back vowel |
u |
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what happens during production of the vowel in terms of tongue movement |
As the tongue moves up, frequency of F1 goes downand as the tongue moves forward, frequency of F2 goes up.As the tongue moves down, frequency of F1 goes up,and as the tongue moves back frequency of F2 goes down. |