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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Muscle of Inspiration: Diaphragm |
Origin: Sternal (Xiphoid process), Costal (Ribs 7-12), Vertebral (transverse process L1-L5) Insertion: Central Tendon Course: Superiorly & Medially Function: Movement of respiration, contracts down for the purpose of breathing |
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Acessory Thoracic muscle of inspiration: Internal Intercostal Muscles |
Origin: Inferior margin of ribs 1-11 Insertion: Superior surface of rib below Course: Down & lateral Function: Elevates ribs 1-11 |
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Accessory Thoracic muscle of inspiration: External Intercostal Muscles |
Origin: Inferior surface of ribs 1-11 Insertion: Upper surface of ribs immediately below Course: down & obliquely in Function: Elevates ribs |
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Accessory Thoracic muscle of inspiration: Levator Costarum muscles Longus |
Origin: Transverse processes of T7 through T11 Insertion: bypasses rib below point of origin, inserting instead into the next rib Course: Down & obliquely out Function: elevates rib cage |
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Muscles of Arm & Shoulder: Pectoralis Major Muscle |
Origin: Sternal head; length of sternum @ costal cartilages; clavicular head: anterior clavicle Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus Course: fans laterally, converging @ humerus function: elevates sternum, & subsequently increases transverse dimension of rib cage |
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Muscles of Arm & Shoulder: Pectoralis Minor Muscle |
Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 2 through 5 near the chondral margin Insertion: coracoid process of scapula Course: up & laterally Function: increases transverse dimension of rib cage |
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Posterior thoracic Muscle:Serratus Posterior Superior |
Origin: C7, T1-T3 Course: inferior & lateral Insertion: ribs 2-5 near angle Function: thought to elevate ribs 2-5 |
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Muscles of Arm & Shoulder: Serratus Anterior muscle |
Origin: Ribs 1-9, lateral surface of the thorax Course: up & back Insertion: Inner vertebral border of scapula Function: elevates ribs 1-9 |
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Muscles of Arm & Shoulder: Trapezius |
Origin: spinous processes of C2 to T12 Insertion: Acromion of scapula and superior surface of clavicle Course: fans laterally Function: elongates neck, controls head |
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Accessory Thoracic muscle of inspiration: Erector Spinae Muscle |
Consists of 3 major types: Lateral (iliocostocervicalis) intermediate (longissmus), & medial (spinalis). each of these heads is further subdivided |
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Thoracic muscles of expiration: Transversus Thoracis |
Origin: inner thoracic lateral margin of the sternum Insertion: inner chondral surface of ribs 2-6 Course: laterally function: depresses rib cage |
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Anterolateral abdominal muscles: Rectus abdominis muscle |
Origin: originates as 4 or 5 segments at pubis inferiorly Insertion: xiphoid process of sternum & the cartilage of ribs 5-7, lower ribs Course: up to segment border function: flexion of vertebral column |
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Accessory Muscle of Neck: Sternocleidomastoid |
Origin: Mastoid process of the temporal bone Course: Down Insertion: superior manubrium sterni; clavicle Function: elevates sternum & by association, rib cage |
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Accessory muscle of neck: Scalenes |
group of 3 muscles deep in neck (anterior, medial, posterior) |
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Abdominal Aponeurosis |
Linea alba (white line) runs from xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis forming a midline structure for muscular attachment. Differentiates into 2 sheets of aponeurosis. Aponerotic wrapping comes back together to form another band of tendon, linea semilunaris. tendon divides again, but this time into 3 sheets which will provide a way to attach 3 more muscles |
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Rectus Abdominis |
prominent midline muscles of abdominal region, originates at pubis inferiorly. muscles is 'must' to succeed at sit-ups |
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External Oblique |
Most superficial of ab muscles, as well as largest Bilateral contraction flexes vertebral column & compresses abdomen, unilateral contraction results in trunk rotation |
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Internal Oblique |
ASsists in rotation of the trunk, if unilaterally contracted, or flexion of the trunk, when bilaterally contracted. |
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Transversus Abdominis muscle |
Deepest of the anterior abdominal muscles; compresses abdomen |
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Quadratus Lumborum |
Basic Function: bilateral contraction fixes abdominal wall in support of abdominal compression |
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Latissimus Dorsi |
For respiration, stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration |
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Structure of Visceral respiratory system |
1. oral pharynx 2. Nasal pharynx 3. Laryngeal Pharynx 4. lungs |
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Visceral & connective tissues that make up portion |
Visceral= smooth, connective tissue that makes up is epithelial cells |
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Trachea |
Splits into 2 stems tube has some structure or it will collapse entirely with changes in air pressure fibrous membrane on inside & outside, joins between each ring to form intra-tracheal membrane |
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Bronchi Trees |
Cartilaginous rings bound together fibroelastic tissue purpose is airflow, gas exchange does not happen here
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4 division of bronchi Trees |
1. bronchial tubes 2. secondary branches (lobar) 3. Tertiary (segmental) 4. Bronchioles |
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Lungs |
Composed of blood, arterial & venous network, connective tissue, respiratory pathway & alveoli Right lung- 3 lobes left lung- 2 lungs, accommodate space for heart |
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Alveoli of lungs |
lungs contain over 300 million alveoli located @ end of bronchi tree Oxygen is absorbed from capillary network CO2 transported out of alveoli site of gas exchange |
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Basic process of respiration/inhalation |
quiet inspiration: requires only 1 muscle force inspiration: calls for many more muscle thoracic muscles & diaphragm whose actions increases volume of thoracic cavity |
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Basic process of expiration/exhalation |
abdominal muscle minimize vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity thoracic & abdominal muscles pull rib cage & down abdominal muscles most important |
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Basic Components of respiratory membrane of the Alveoli |
Air-blood barrier composed of: alveolar & capillary walls, fused basal laminas
Alveolar walls: single layer of type 1 epithelial cells, permits gas exchange by simple diffusion, secrete angiotensin Type II cells secret surfactant lining for the alveolus: important in proper lung function |
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Pleural linkage |
Mechanism by which lungs 'linked' to thoracic wall allows movement of rib cage to be transmitted to lungs crucial to respiration: parietal pleura- inner surface of thoracic cavity, including diaphragm. visceral pleura- outer surface of lung intrapleural space- fluid filled negative pressure region between parietal & visceral pleura |
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Respiratory physiology |
structures involved in exchange of gas between blood & external environment. Lungs passageways leading to lungs chest structures responsible for movement of air into and out of the lung |
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Boyles Law & Newton's Law applied to respiration |
Rest- alveolar pressure= atmosphere pressure; no air movement Inhalation- lung volume increased; alveolar pressure< atmosphere, air moves in Exhalation- lung volume decreased; alveolar pressure> atmosphere pressure, air moves out |