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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
End of 15th century, church was in need of reform |
Decline and corruption of papacy
Simony (buying and selling of positions) |
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Swiss Reformation |
4 of them |
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Thomas Erastus |
Argued that the sins of Christians should be punished by the state not the church
Resisted efforts of Calvinists |
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John Calvin |
16th century lawyer, scholar, Pastor, Administrator
Institutes of Christian Religion (Protestant Suma)
System of Theology is based on sovereignty of God. |
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Zwingli |
Believed the presence of Christ in the Eucharist is symbolic or a memorial meal and believed that the effectiveness of the sacrament is in the faith of those who partake of it
Anabaptist |
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Beza |
Doctrines of Reprobation
Director of Genevan Academy in 1559 |
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German Reformation |
1 of them |
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Martin Luther |
German translation of the Bible
95 thesis on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences |
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English Reformation |
5 of them |
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Thomas Cranmer |
Archbishop of Canterbury
42 Articles of 1553 summarized an unmistakably Protestant church doctrine
Wrote a preface for a recent English translation of the Bible which came to be known as the "Great Bible |
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William Tyndale |
1st English translation of the NT in 1526
Smuggled copies in (political act) as it was illegal to print English Bibles |
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Lancelot Andrewes |
One of the translators of the KJV
English Bishop and scholar
Private devotion- modern printings are available |
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Myles Coverdale |
1st complete English Bible
Compiled others translation
Ann Bolin liked this one |
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Richard Bancroft |
Archbishop of Canterbury
Final editor of KJV (14 changes prior to printing) |
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French Reformation |
1 of them |
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Martin Bucer |
Leaders of reformation in Strasbourg, France
Insisted on the right and obligation of the church to discipline its member and not leave such matter to the state.
Calvin's mentor
The presence of Christ in communion is real, although spiritual |
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Catholic Reformation |
4 of them
Took place within Catholic Church
Not response to Protestant "reform"
Focused on spirituality and the inner life
Monastic reform |
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Erasmus |
Dutch renaissance humanist; classical scholar
Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian
New Latin and Greek editions of the NT which raised questions that would be influential in Protestant and Catholic reformations |
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Ignatius of Loyola |
Minor Nobleman
Pilgrim at Benedictine Monastery
Wrote Spiritual Exercise
Founder of the Jesuit monastic community |
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St. Teresa of Avila |
Dedicated to absolute poverty
Wrote Interior Castle
1st woman named Doctor of Church |
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St. John of the Criss |
Priest that joined the Carmelites
While in prison wrote The Spiritual Canticle
Wrote in vernacular Spanish |
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Evangelical Revival |
Umbrella term for multiple revivals
Describe as a sweep or popcorn
Spiritual movement
Religion uprising |
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England |
6 of them
Evangelical Revival |
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John Wesley |
Justification by faith, need for new birth, holiness of heart and life.
Ordained to diaconate then Anglican priest |
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Charles Wesley |
Known for being hymn writer
English leader of Methodist Movement |
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John Newton |
Wrote Amazing Grace
Prominent supporter of abolitionism
Evangelical lay minister ordained priest in Church of England |
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Selina Huntingdon |
Countess of Hastings
Founded a Calvinistic movement
Equally powerful and stubborn as John Wesley |
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Thomas Bray |
Founder of SPG and SPCK in England
English clergyman and early Abolitionist
Help formally establish the Church of England in Maryland |
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George Whitefield |
Calvinist
The work of conversion, New Birth entirely in God's hand |
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United States |
7 of them
Evangelical Revival |
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Thomas Coke |
American Bishop in Methodist
Abolitionist |
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Increase Mather |
Congregational/Presbyterian minister
Towering intellect in the Ma Bay Colony |
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Cotton Mather |
Influential New England Puritan Minister
Published 469 books and tracts in his life
Adamant that arrival of Episcopal Anglicanism in Puritan Boston was disaster |
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Solomon Stoddard |
Open communion to anyone baptized
Presbyterian
Revival-harvest |
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Jonathan Edwards |
Most important American theologian
"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" sermon
Strict Calvinist theology combined with revivalist |
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Frances Asbury |
Came to US as Wesley lay minister
Not a good preacher, but people person
Created a denomination- free market of religious ideas |
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Pietism Movement |
1 of them
In German lands- the same that Evangelical did in England |
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Phillip Spener |
Father of Pietism
Wrote Pia Desideria- foundational text of the Pietist movement
German Christian theologian |
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Oxford Movement |
4 of them
Difficult to pin down
Catholic renewal
Spread ideas using tracts |
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Edward Bouverie Pusey |
Anglo-Catholic
Banned from preaching sermons
Professor of Hebrew and Greek at Oxford
Fought against Protestant Liberalism |
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John Keble |
One of the leaders of Oxford movement
19th century poet
Holy Orders for Curate
Keble College at Oxford is named after him |
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John Henry Newman |
Converted from Anglican Catholic to Roman Catholic in 1845
Cardinal Newman
Priest in Roman Catholic Church too |
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Richard Hurrell Fourde |
Anglican priest
Associated with tractarians |
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Protestant Liberalism |
Transatlantic movement
Rooted in early 19th century German Enlightenment
Attempt to incorporate modern thinking and developments
Liberalism tends to emphasize ethics over doctrine and experience over Scriptural authority
Science methodology applied to theology
Abandoned Christological theology |
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United States |
2 of them
Protestant Liberalism |
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Phillip Brooks |
American Episcopal clergyman and author
Wrote Christian hymn, "O Little Town of Bethlehem."
Opposed Slavery |
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Henry Emerson Fosdick |
Outspokenly opposed racism and injustice
Wrote the hymn "God of Grace and God of Glory"
Central figure in "Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy" within American Protestantism in 1920s and 1930s |
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German |
3 of them
Protestant Liberalism |
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FDE Schleiermarcher |
"Father of Modern Liberal Theology"
"The Art of Understanding"
Work has a profound impact upon the philosophical field of hermeneutics |
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Paul Tillich |
German- American theologian and Christian existentialist philosopher
Ground of Being
Human experience |
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Karl Barth |
Not a Protestant Liberal
Original sin
Wholly Other (begins with God)
Battled with Paul Tillich |
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Holiness Movement |
Precursor to Pentecostal movement
Individualism and desire for Instantaneous
Leaders came from Multi-denominations
Holiness Denominations: Church of the Nazarene, Free Methodist Church, Wesleyan Church, and Church of God |
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United States |
3 of them
Holiness Movement |
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Phoebe Palmer |
Lay woman
Tuesday meetings for promotion of holiness
Opened door for women in ministry
Wrote: The Way of Holiness |
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Charles Finney |
Altar Call
Advocate of Christian perfection |
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Phineas Bresee |
Founder of Pentecostal Church of Nazarene
Worked with poor
Aimed at inner city, urban mission, poor |
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Pentecostal Movement |
3 of them
Experience of the working of the Holy Spirit and practice of spiritual gifts.
Transcends denominations
Experience is vital
Lacks structure |
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Charles Parham |
Itinerant Methodist healer
Miracles of Early Church
Spirit Baptism and speaking in tongues
Believed in segregation |
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William J Seymour |
Asuza Street Revival
Black Pentecostal preacher
Student of Parham |
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Aimee S McPherson |
Early pioneer of tele-evangelism
4 square Gospel
Sermons-full theatrical
Used film to spread message |
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Grant Wacker's Four Fold Streams |
Evangelicalism: salvation by faith in Jesus
Holiness: 2nd works of grace
Divine healing: atonement through cross; total healing
Plymouth Brethren/ Darby: Rapture Theology; dispensation of God's work |
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Liturgical Movement |
5 people
Predominantly in Roman Catholic
Worship is central
Liturgy is intentional worship (order of service)
Want people to know what and why they are doing in church |
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Dom Gregory Dix |
Anglican monk and academic
Shape of the Liturgy |
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Dom Gregory Dix |
Anglican monk and academic
Shape of the Liturgy |
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Dom Lambert Beauduin |
Belgium monk
Unity with Anglicans
Tell the people what is going on |
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CS Lewis |
American Evangelicals highly regard him
Taught at Oxford and Cambridge
Lasting value to tell the Christian story in new and imaginable ways |
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CS Lewis |
American Evangelicals highly regard him
Taught at Oxford and Cambridge
Lasting value to tell the Christian story in new and imaginable ways |
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GK Chesterton |
Church of England converted to Roman Catholic in 1922
Orthodoxy published in 1908 |
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Austin Farrar |
Baptist to Oxford to Ordained in Church of England
Close friends w/ Lewis
Controversial views on composition of gospels |
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Evelyn Waugh |
Sharp biting criticism through humor particularly the British Upper Class
Conservative's conservative
Decline & Fall |
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Theology of the Cross |
Martin Luther
God's highest self-discourse takes place in the cross of Christ
God is seen in suffering and weakness
God is seen differently than we would expect
To know God, you must look at the suffering God and take upon suffering yourself |
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Theology of Glory |
Luther
Our ascent to God through intellectual activity
Prefer works to suffering and glory to the cross, strength to weakness
We would be looking for a God that fit our expectation
Human glory focusing on human effort intending to earn God's favor |
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Reformed Theology |
Calvin
Total depravity
Unconditional election (abundance of God's love)
Limited atonement
Irresistible grace
Preservation of the Saints |
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Reformed Theology |
Calvin
Total depravity
Unconditional election (abundance of God's love)
Limited atonement
Irresistible grace
Preservation of the Saints |
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Humanism |
Greek and Romans
Humanity was created in the image of God
Reformist movement that focused on art and letters, text, and classical forms
Focused on philosophy and theology in addition to culture in particular ancient texts in their original languages
Return to the NT
Academics |
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Christian Perfection |
Wesley
Optimist view of God's grace
Doctrine of Perfect Love "Wholeness"
Perfect Human= Jesus Christ
Process and Instantaneous |
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Experiential Theology |
Stark claim that God encounters people & changes them through the encounter
God will inhabit your heart
Born a 2nd time- New birth is a key concept in experiential theology- you are changed after encountering |
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Experiential Theology |
Stark claim that God encounters people & changes them through the encounter
God will inhabit your heart
Born a 2nd time- New birth is a key concept in experiential theology- you are changed after encountering |
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God |
You cannot test out my experience with God |