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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phospholipids |
Are responsible for the isolating functions of membranes |
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Phospholipid bilayer |
fluid portion of the membrane |
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Membrane Proteins |
-Enzymes -Recognition Proteins -Receptor Proteins -Connection Proteins -Transport Proteins |
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Enzymes |
proteins that promote chemical reactions that synthesize or break apart biological molecules |
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Receptor Proteins |
trigger cellular responses upon binding of specific molecules, such as hormones sent by other cells
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Recognition Proteins |
glycoproteins that serve as identification tags on the surface of a cell |
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Connection Proteins |
anchor cell membranes in various ways |
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Transport Proteins |
regulate the movement of hydrophillic molecules through the plasma membrane |
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Solute |
Substance that can be dissolved |
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Solvent |
fluid capable of dissolving a solute |
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Concentration of a substance |
defines the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent |
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Gradient |
Physical difference in temperature, pressure, charge, or concentration of a particular substance |
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Concentration Gradients |
differences in solute concentrations across membranes |
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Diffusion |
The movement of solutes from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration |
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Selectively Permeable |
only allow certain ions or molecules to permeate |
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Passive Transport |
the diffusion of substances across cell membranes down concentration gradients (Simple diffusion, facillitated diffusion, and osmosis) |
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Energy Recquring Transport |
transport that recquires the use of cellular energy |
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Simple Diffusion |
Process by which molecules diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
type of transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special transport proteins |
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Osmosis |
the diffusion of water across selectively permeable membranes |
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Isotonic |
have equal concentrations of water and equal concentrations of dissolved substances |
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Hypertonic |
has a greater solute concentration |
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Hypotonic |
has a lesser solute concentration |
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Turgor Pressure |
Water pressure within a vacuole |
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Pintocytosis |
moves liquids into the cell |
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Receport mediated endocytosis |
moves specific molecules into the cell |
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Phagocytosis |
moves large particles into the cell |
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4 Major Cell Connecting Structures |
-Desmosomes -Tight Junctions -Gap Junctions -Plasmodesmata (Plant Cells) |
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Desmosomes |
attachment structures that join cells in tissues that are repeatedly stretched |
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Tight Junctions |
Are formed by proteins that span the plasma membranes at corresponding sites on adjacent cells |
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Gap Junctions |
cell to cell protein channels allowing for passage of hormones, nutrients, and ions in animal cells |
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Plasmodesmota |
Plant cells have holes in the walls of adjacent cells forming cytoplasmic connections |