SN2 reaction

Results and Discussion A. Diffusion of selected plant pigments In conducting the diffusion of 4 different kinds of treatments (distilled water, distilled water placed in boiling bath, vegetable oil, heated vegetable oil), the researchers made use of the atsuete and sugar beets. The different kinds of treatments determined how the temperature will affect the color intensity of the atsuete and sugar beets. There were 4 test tubes used in each atsuete and sugar beets with each having a…

of catalase can be determined by measuring the decrease in H2O2 concentration which is the substrate. Introduction: An enzyme is a large protein that acts as a biological catalyst which changes the rate of a reaction. It provides an active site which is an environment where a reaction can take place this is made up of amino acids. The structure and shape of the substrate, the structure and shape of an enzyme and the substance upon which the enzyme works all have to match exactly. This…

BALANCING REDOX EQUATIONS 1) Assign the Oxidation Numbers The Oxidation Number (ON) of an element is its charge. It is the number of electrons an element contains. This would be our basis on whether the element gained or lost electrons in chemical reactions. We can say that an element is in its Oxidation State when the element already has a specific ON. Unlike with our previous examples, not all equations would already reveal the ON of each element. In actuality, equations would only be…

units per kg N × 6.25, (iii) pH, (iv) temperature, and (v) time (Adler-Nissen, 1984). Generally, there is an optimum combination of both pH and temerature, where the enzyme shows the highest activity. Physicochemical conditions of the hydrolysis reaction such as temperature, pH and enzyme/substrate ratio must be adjusted to optimize the activity of the proteolytic enzyme (Kim & Wijesekara, 2010; Santos, Martins, Salas-Mellado, & Prentice, 2011). At the beginning and at the end of hydrolysis…

The zeolite XRD analysis result showed that it is 100% Clinoptilolite ─ Ca with the chemical formula Si29.04Al6.96O96.40Na1.92Ca1.57Ba0.32K0.56Mg0.72. Particle size distribution and Zeta potential for minerals have been carried out using Zeta sizer nano series (Nano ZS), Malvern, UK - Size range (nm):0.6:6000 nm and Zeta potential range (mV): (-200:200 mV) and analysis results are presented in Table 3. They The minerals were applied before planting in two separate rates ≈ 595.24 and 1190.48 5…

SAUDI ARABIA PRODUCES METHANOL IT WILL BE CHEAPER TO USE IT TO PRODUCE FORMALIN METHODS OF PRODUCTION Formaldehyde is known to be one of the most reactive organic compounds. It can be produced by various reactions. It can produced by methods such as: Methanol undergoes an oxidation reaction in the presence of catalysts, ethyl-alcohol, coal gas, ethylene, methane, glycol, glycerin, and carbon…

of an electric current. Electrochemical machining is in general differing to electroplating where the metallic ions wandering through the electrolyte solution set down on the surface of the cathodically connected work piece. The electrochemical reactions taking place in the electrochemical machining process are as…

Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. It involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first…

Unknown Samples Objectives The experiments were carried out in order to identify 15 samples, through their physical and chemical properties. Theory A precipitation reaction is one which produces an insoluble salt as product. An example would be; Ca(NO3)2 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + 2HNO3 The calcium salt is insoluble. Precipitation reactions could be used in this experiment to eliminate compounds while attempting to identify others. Halides react with AgNO3 to form insoluble halides. These ions form…

The purpose of this experiment was to learn techniques to determine the freezing point of a pure benzophenone, a solvent. Furthermore, methods for determining the freezing point depression in relation to the solute, cyclohexanone, concentration were employed in addition to learning what molality is and how it related to the colligative properties being studied. These objectives were achieved by melting both pure benzophenone and benzophenone/cyclohexanone solutions (two solutions with…