RNA

Introduction: DNA, RNA and Proteins, these are three types of very large molecules essential for every living organism, for their biological functioning. Each molecule, DNA, RNA and Protein, play a vital role in living organisms, without them no life could survive. Let’s understand functionality one by one: • DNA consists of encoded instructions which are necessary to maintain, assemble and reproduce. • Proteins play important role in movement, photosynthesis, vision etc. • RNA is used to make…

Virus Taxonomy Order: Unassigned Family: Bunyaviridae Genus: Phlebovirus Species: Toscana virus talk.ictvonline.org Structure and genome The toscana virus (TOSV) is a negative-single stranded RNA virus, it is spherical in shape, it has an enveloped surrounding its capsid, and it has a diameter of 80–120 nm. Its genome is partitioned into three segments, termed (large)L, (medium)M and (small)S. With L about 6,400 nucleotides in length, M about 4,200 nucleotides in…

a. Introduction Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever is caused by a bi-segmented negative RNA virus that is one of several viruses known to cause viral hemorrhagic fever. The Lujo virus is part of the Arenaviridae family, which consist of several viruses categorized into two groups. The Lujo virus is categorized in the “Old World” group, which signifies that the virus in question was found in the Eastern Hemisphere, specifically the continent of Africa. The majority of the arenaviruses categorized in the…

RNA polymerase attaches itself to a template of DNA and then go into base pairing, synthesizes mRNA or messenger RNA. This is called transcription, as the DNA code being transcribed into mRNA code. RNA replaces Thymine for Uracil during base pairing. 4. mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm this goo like part of the cell where ribosomes can…

Photothermal therapy would support the nano-carriers with the RNA by creating a pathway through the cell to the nucleus. In which the nanomedicine will introduce foreign RNA to modify the genetics while the reactivity of the heat from the P.T therapy would enhance the strength of the nucleotide. There are two methods for this drug delivery. One takes place above 50…

the DNA unwinds and unzips leaving the base pairs exposed. Helicase is used in this reaction- the enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases. Activated RNA nucleotides then bind with the complementary base pairs exposed where A binds with U, G binds with C- the enzyme which catalyses the reaction is RNA Polymerase. The final mRNA strand which is produced is complementary to the original DNA strand. The mRNA is free to leave the nucleus through the nuclear pore and attach…

Helicases are enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid protein complexe. There are both DNA and RNA helicases. Codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. Polymerase is a enzyme that brings the formation of a particular polymer. A five cap is a specially altered nucleotide on the five. Poly (A) tail is a long row of 100-250 adenine nucleotides…

now unwound in the area that is needed so the RNA polymerase is able to help line up the nucleotides to create a complementary strand of the mRNA. Between the strands there are hydrogen bonds which are then separated apart. One of the strands is then able to be used as a template strand. Onto this template strand these is base pairing which is the DNA cytosine joining to the RNA guanine, DNA guanine joining to the RNA cytosine, DNA thymine joining to RNA adenine and DNA…

Function of potyvirus proteins The Potyviruses genome contains one open reading frame (ORF) which is translated as a large polyprotein (between 340k and 368k), that is cleaved into 10 functional proteins (Riechmann et al., 1992) such as: Protein P1, HC-Pro, P3 protein, CI, NIa , NIb, 6K1, 6K2, VPg. The potyviral P1 protein is a serine protease that cleaves at its own C-terminus (Verchot et al., 1991). This is the most divergent potyviral protein in size (30-63 kDa) and sequence except protease…

proteins cannot form without the information stored in DNA. The solution to the problem seemed to lie in RNA, the mediator between DNA and proteins. It has been discovered that RNA can catalyze many reactions, and RNA might catalyze its own replication. If RNA could self-replicate natural selection or some other mechanism could act to create a more complex RNA. If this were the case than RNA might have increased in complexity until it could code for a viable life…